a collage of eight photos showing a stakeholder meeting, people boarding a bus, a changeable message sign displaying the message race traffic, cars traversing a roadway where barricades delineate travel lanes, a closed-circuit television camera, a crowd of people standing near a train and traversing a pedestrian overpass, two implementation plans, and three traffic management team personnel gathered around a laptop computer

Managing Travel for Planned Special Events

Table of Contents

List of Tables

Table i-1a. Practice of Managing Travel for Planned Special Events: Institutional
Table i-1b. Practice of Managing Travel for Planned Special Events: Organizational
Table i-1c. Practice of Managing Travel for Planned Special Events: Technical
Table i-2. Keys to Successful Management of Planned Special Events
Table 1-1a. Congestion Impacts of Planned Events
Table 1-1b. Congestion Impacts of Unplanned Events
Table 1-2. Impacts on Transportation System Users
Table 1-3. Planned Special Event Travel Management Goals
Table 1-4. Technical Reference Objectives
Table 1-5. Overall Benefits
Table 1-6. Benefits to Transportation Stakeholders and System Operations
Table 1-7. Community Benefits
Table 1-8. Planned Special Event Management Phases and Key Tasks
Table 1-9. Event Operations Stakeholders
Table 1-10. Handbook Organization
Table 1-11. Technical Reference User Groups
Table 2-1. Categories of Planned Special Events
Table 2-2a. Characteristics of Different Planned Special Event Categories:
Discrete/Recurring Event at a Permanent Venue
Table 2-2b. Characteristics of Different Planned Special Event Categories:
Continuous Event
Table 2-2c. Characteristics of Different Planned Special Event Categories:
Street Use Event
Table 2-2d. Characteristics of Different Planned Special Event Categories:
Regional/Multi-Venue Event
Table 2-2e. Characteristics of Different Planned Special Event Categories:
Rural Event
Table 3-1. Responsibilities of Stakeholder Groups
Table 3-2. Event Operation Characteristics
Table 3-3. Categories of Planned Special Events
Table 3-4. Distinguishing Operating Characteristics of a Discrete/Recurring Event at a Permanent Venue
Table 3-5. Distinguishing Operating Characteristics of a Continuous Event
Table 3-6. Distinguishing Operating Characteristics of a Street Use Event
Table 3-7. Distinguishing Operating Characteristics of a Regional/Multi-Venue Event
Table 3-8. Distinguishing Operating Characteristics of a Rural Event
Table 3-9. Regional Program Stakeholder Organizations
Table 3-10. Municipal Code Provisions on Planned Special Events
Table 3-11. Summary of Event-Oriented Risk Scenarios
Table 3-12. Transportation System Operations Performance Objectives for Planned Special Events
Table 3-13. Measures of Effectiveness for Assessing Performance Objectives
Table 3-14. Summary of Policies and Agreements Applicable to Managing Planned Special Events
Table 3-15. Feasibility Study Analysis Summary
Table 3-16. Traffic Generation Forecast Process
Table 3-17. Market Area Analysis Methods
Table 3-18a. Tools for Mitigating Planned Special Event Impacts on Transportation System Operations: Traffic Control and Capacity Improvements
Table 3-18b. Tools for Mitigating Planned Special Event Impacts on Transportation System Operations: Traffic Management
Table 3-18c. Tools for Mitigating Planned Special Event Impacts on Transportation System Operations: Travel Demand Management
Table 3-19. Groups Attending a Planned Special Event
Table 3-20. Contingency Plan Checklist
Table 3-21. Site Access and Circulation Considerations
Table 3-22. Site and Parking Plan Checklist
Table 3-23. Pedestrian Crossing Tactics
Table 3-24. Pedestrian Access Plan Checklist
Table 3-25. Tactics for Accommodating Background Traffic during Planned Special Events
Table 3-26. Bus Accommodation Tactics
Table 3-27. Traffic Flow Plan Checklist
Table 3-28. Interchange Operations Tactics for Planned Special Events
Table 3-29. Traffic Control Plan Checklist
Table 3-30. Crash Prevention Tactics
Table 3-31. Travel Demand Management Strategies
Table 3-32. Transit Service Strategies
Table 3-33. Pre-Trip Traveler Information Dissemination Techniques
Table 3-34. Implementation Plan Checklist
Table 3-35. Elements of a Stakeholder Simulation Exercise
Table 3-36. General Volunteer Training Activities
Table 3-37. Traffic Management Team Stakeholders
Table 3-38. Traffic Management Plan Evaluation Activities
Table 3-39. Communications Structure Primary Considerations
Table 3-40. Internal Measures of Effectiveness
Table 3-41. External Measures of Effectiveness
Table 3-42. Elements of a Stakeholder Debriefing
Table 3-43. Post-Event Debriefing Meeting Agenda Topics
Table 3-44a. Outline of Post-Event Report: Report Organization
Table 3-44b. Outline of Post-Event Report: Operational Cost Analysis
Table 3-44c. Outline of Post-Event Report: Qualitative Evaluation
Table 3-44d. Outline of Post-Event Report: Quantitative Evaluation
Table 4-1. Regional Program Stakeholder Organizations
Table 4-2. Traffic Incident Management Program Assessment Questions Relative to Managing Planned Special Events
Table 4-3a. Stakeholders Governing Permit Applications: Application Administration
Table 4-3b. Stakeholders Governing Permit Applications: Permit Approval
Table 4-4. Planned Special Event Permit Application Submission Deadline
Table 4-5. Planned Special Event Permit Restrictions
Table 4-6. Planned Special Event Permit Application Decision Criteria
Table 4-7. Event Organizer Special Requirements
Table 4-8. Planned Special Event Permit Application Components
Table 4-9. Planned Special Event Permit Application Supplemental Requirements
Table 4-10. Guidelines for Compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act
Table 4-11. Municipal Code Provisions on Planned Special Events
Table 4-12. Planned Special Event Permit Application Fees
Table 4-13. Planned Special Event Funding Mechanisms
Table 4-14. Louisville, KY Criteria for Providing Free Services for a Special Event
Table 4-15. Planned Special Event Technology Applications
Table 5-1. Event Planning Team Responsibilities During the Event Operations Planning Phase
Table 5-2. Stakeholder Participation in Event Operations Planning, by Products of the Events Planning Team
Table 5-3. Summary of Event-Oriented Risk Scenarios
Table 5-4. Transportation System Operations Performance Objectives for Planned Special Events
Table 5-5. Measures of Effectiveness for Assessing Performance Objectives
Table 5-6. Seahawk Football Transportation Management Program Goals and Objectives
Table 5-7. Measures Considered in Developing a Neighborhood Parking Management Plan for Seattle's Safeco Field
Table 5-8. Summary of Policies and Agreements Applicable to Managing Planned Special Events
Table 5-9. Components of Interagency Agreements
Table 5-10. Feasibility Study Analysis Summary
Table 5-11. Feasibility Study Data Requirements
Table 5-12. Example Modal Split for Discrete/Recurring Events at a Permanent Venue
Table 5-13. Traffic Generation Forecast Process
Table 5-14a. Example Planned Special Event Vehicle Occupancy Factors:
Discrete/Recurring Event at a Permanent Venue
Table 5-14b. Example Planned Special Event Vehicle Occupancy Factors:
Continuous Event
Table 5-15a. Example Planned Special Event Traffic Arrival Rate Characteristics:
Discrete/Recurring Event at a Permanent Venue
Table 5-15b. Example Planned Special Event Traffic Arrival Rate Characteristics:
Continuous Event
Table 5-16. Market Area Analysis Methods
Table 5-17a. Example Event Parking Occupancy Summary
Table 5-17b. Example Event Parking Occupancy Summary: % Occupancy
Table 5-18a. Tools for Mitigating Planned Special Event Impacts on Transportation System Operations: Traffic Control and Capacity Improvements
Table 5-18b. Tools for Mitigating Planned Special Event Impacts on Transportation System Operations: Traffic Management
Table 5-18c. Tools for Mitigating Planned Special Event Impacts on Transportation System Operations: Travel Demand Management
Table 5-19. External Factors Considered in the Wisconsin TIME Program Special Event Planning Tool
Table 6-1. Traffic Management Plan Objectives
Table 6-2. Traffic Management Plan Components
Table 6-3. Groups Attending a Planned Special Event
Table 6-4. Contingency Plan Checklist
Table 6-5. General Parking Management Considerations
Table 6-6. Factors Influencing Lot Assignment
Table 6-7. Key Findings from Saint Paul Advanced Parking Information System Operational Test
Table 6-8. Site Access and Circulation Considerations
Table 6-9. Guidelines for Designating Pick-up and Drop-off Areas
Table 6-10. Vehicle Processing Tactics at Parking Area
Table 6-11. 2002 Winter Olympics Parking Occupancy Monitoring Plan
Table 6-12. Off-street Parking Regulation Considerations
Table 6-13. Site and Parking Plan Checklist
Table 6-14. Considerations for Posting Plans on an Internet Website
Table 6-15. Pedestrian Crossing Tactics
Table 6-16. Pedestrian Facilities Covered in the Highway Capacity Manual
Table 6-17. Considerations in Shuttle Bus Operations
Table 6-18. Shuttle Bus Service User Needs
Table 6-19. Considerations in Shuttle Bus Station Design
Table 6-20. Pedestrian Access Plan Checklist
Table 6-21. Traffic Flow Plan Information Sources
Table 6-22. Road Closure Impact Checklist
Table 6-23. Traffic Flow Route Development Considerations
Table 6-24. Alternate Route Plan Development Process
Table 6-25a. Alternate Route Plan Development Considerations: Alternate Route Selection
Table 6-25b. Alternate Route Plan Development Considerations: Alternate Route Plan Development
Table 6-25c. Alternate Route Plan Development Considerations: Road User Accommodation
Table 6-26. Tactics for Accommodating Background Traffic during Planned Special Events
Table 6-27. Pre-Trip Traveler Information for Street Use Events
Table 6-28. Bus Accommodation Tactics
Table 6-29. Exclusive Bus Lane Limitations
Table 6-30. Traffic Flow Plan Checklist
Table 6-31. Highway Advisory Radio Pre-Event Message Considerations
Table 6-32. Highway Advisory Radio Day-of-Event Message Considerations
Table 6-33. Changeable Message Sign Message Template
Table 6-34. Interchange Operations Tactics for Planned Special Events
Table 6-35. Disadvantages of Divided Highway Alternative Lane Operations
Table 6-36. Portable Traffic Management System Components
Table 6-37. Traffic Control Plan Checklist
Table 6-38. Crash Prevention Tactics
Table 6-39. Service Patrol Operations Considerations
Table 6-40a. Traffic Incident Quick Clearance for the 2002 Winter Olympics: Strategy
Table 6-40b. Traffic Incident Quick Clearance for the 2002 Winter Olympics: Evaluation Statistic
Table 7-1. Travel Demand Management Goals
Table 7-2. Travel Demand Management Strategies
Table 7-3. Transit Service Strategies
Table 7-4. Pre-Trip Traveler Information Dissemination Techniques
Table 8-1. General Field-Level Operations Guidelines
Table 8-2. Implementation Plan Checklist
Table 8-3. Elements of a Stakeholder Simulation Exercise
Table 8-4. Day-of-Event Personnel Resource Requirements
Table 8-5. Example Rewards for Volunteer Service
Table 8-6. General Volunteer Training Activities
Table 9-1. Day-of-Event Activities
Table 9-2. Traffic Management Team Stakeholders
Table 9-3. Traffic Management Plan Evaluation Activities
Table 9-4. Communications Structure Primary Considerations
Table 9-5. Advantages of Operating on a Common Frequency
Table 9-6. Levels of Communication
Table 9-7a. Use of Media: Before Event
Table 9-7b. Use of Media: During Event
Table 9-8. Traveler Information Dissemination Methods
Table 9-9. Use of Surveillance Information
Table 9-10. Data Collection Methods
Table 9-11. Benefits of Detection and Surveillance
Table 9-12. Traffic Monitoring Information Uses
Table 9-13. Performance Evaluation Measures
Table 9-14. Reasons for Traffic Monitoring and Evaluation
Table 10-1. Key Post-Event Activities
Table 10-2. Internal Measures of Effectiveness
Table 10-3. External Measures of Effectiveness
Table 10-4. Elements of a Stakeholder Debriefing
Table 10-5. Types of Event Patron Surveys
Table 10-6. Post-Event Debriefing Meeting Agenda Topics
Table 10-7a. Outline of Post-Event Report: Report Organization
Table 10-7b. Outline of Post-Event Report: Operational Cost Analysis
Table 10-7c. Outline of Post-Event Report: Qualitative Evaluation
Table 10-7d. Outline of Post-Event Report: Quantitative Evaluation
Table 10-8. Elements of a Post-Event Report
Table 10-9. Key Topics of a Qualitative Evaluation
Table 11-1. Types of Discrete/Recurring Events at a Permanent Venue
Table 11-2. Distinguishing Operating Characteristics of a Discrete/Recurring Event at a Permanent Venue
Table 11-3. Event Operations Planning Steps: Discrete/Recurring Event at a Permanent Venue
Table 11-4. Checklist of Implementation and Day-of-Event Activities for Discrete/Recurring Events at a Permanent Venue
Table 11-5. Checklist of Post-Event Activities for Discrete/Recurring Events at a Permanent Venue
Table 11-6. Program Planning Activities for Discrete/Recurring Events at a Permanent Venue
Table 12-1. Types of Continuous Events
Table 12-2. Distinguishing Operating Characteristics of a Continuous Event
Table 12-3. Event Operations Planning Steps: Continuous Event
Table 12-4. Checklist of Implementation and Day-of-Event Activities for Continuous Events
Table 12-5. Checklist of Post-Event Activities for Continuous Events
Table 12-6. Program Planning Activities for Continuous Events
Table 13-1. Types of Street Use Events
Table 13-2. Distinguishing Operating Characteristics of a Street Use Event
Table 13-3. Event Operations Planning Steps: Street Use Event
Table 13-4. Checklist of Implementation and Day-of-Event Activities for Street Use Events
Table 13-5. Checklist of Post-Event Activities for Street Use Events
Table 13-6. Program Planning Activities for Street Use Events
Table 14-1. Types of Regional/Multi-Venue Events
Table 14-2. Distinguishing Operating Characteristics of a Regional/Multi-Venue Event
Table 14-3. Event Operations Planning Steps: Regional/Multi-Venue Event
Table 14-4. Checklist of Implementation and Day-of-Event Activities for Regional/Multi-Venue Events
Table 14-5. Checklist of Post-Event Activities for Regional/Multi-Venue Events
Table 14-6. Program Planning Activities for Regional/Multi-Venue Events
Table 15-1. Types of Rural Events
Table 15-2. Distinguishing Operating Characteristics of a Rural Event
Table 15-3. Event Operations Planning Steps: Rural Event
Table 15-4. Checklist of Implementation and Day-of-Event Activities for Rural Events
Table 15-5. Checklist of Post-Event Activities for Rural Events
Table 15-6. Program Planning Activities for Rural Events