Decision Support Framework and Parameters for Dynamic Part-Time Shoulder Use:
Considerations for Opening Freeway Shoulders for Travel as a Traffic Management Strategy
Appendix D. Generalized Thresholds for Opening Shoulder
The tables in this appendix present the number of minutes until capacity is reached on a freeway. When this duration begins to approach the duration of the sweep time, an operator should consider opening a shoulder. More specific information on these tables follows.
These tables were developed in this project to provide simple, off-the-shelf decision parameter values for agencies operating D-PTSU, particularly newer agencies without established practices and experience. They were developed using methods I and III as described in chapter 4. A user begins by identifying the capacity of the bottleneck being relieved with PTSU, and chooses the appropriate table. Identifying the capacity of a bottleneck is discussed in chapter 4. Once the appropriate table is selected, a user chooses the current volume per lane from the left column and the change in volume in the past five minutes from the top portion of the table. Both volume values are presented in terms of vehicles per hour, and the current volume could be measured over a shorter period of time (say the previous 15 or 30 minutes) to be more reflective of current traffic conditions. Once the two volume values are selected, the number in the body of the table indicates the minutes until capacity is reached. In this appendix, times of less than 20 minutes are red and times of 20-30 minutes are green. This example illustrates a facility with 20-minute sweep time. An operator should consider initiating shoulder-opening activities if the table returns a green or red number. A red number indicates the freeway will reach capacity before the shoulder is opened.
The methods described in chapter 4 are ultimately the most reliable for forming decisions of when to open and close the shoulder, but it is recognized that use of these tables is less resource-intensive.
Bottleneck Per Lane Capacity | Minutes until Capacity Is Reached | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Increase in Hourly Volume Rate In Past 5 Minutes | ||||||||||
2,100 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 |
Current Volume (veh/h/ln) | ||||||||||
0 | 210 | 105 | 70 | 53 | 42 | 35 | *30 | *27 | *24 | *21 |
100 | 200 | 100 | 67 | 50 | 40 | 34 | *29 | *25 | *23 | *20 |
200 | 190 | 95 | 64 | 48 | 38 | 32 | *28 | *24 | *22 | *†19 |
300 | 180 | 90 | 60 | 45 | 36 | 30 | *26 | *23 | *20 | *†18 |
400 | 170 | 85 | 57 | 43 | 34 | *29 | *25 | *22 | *†19 | *†17 |
500 | 160 | 80 | 54 | 40 | 32 | *27 | *23 | *20 | *†18 | *†16 |
600 | 150 | 75 | 50 | 38 | *30 | *25 | *22 | *†19 | *†17 | *†15 |
700 | 140 | 70 | 47 | 35 | *28 | *24 | *20 | *†18 | *†16 | *†14 |
800 | 130 | 65 | 44 | 33 | *26 | *22 | *†19 | *†17 | *†15 | *†13 |
900 | 120 | 60 | 40 | *30 | *24 | *20 | *†18 | *†15 | *†14 | *†12 |
1,000 | 110 | 55 | 37 | *28 | *22 | *†19 | *†16 | *†14 | *†13 | *†11 |
1,100 | 100 | 50 | 34 | *25 | *20 | *†17 | *†15 | *†13 | *†12 | *†10 |
1,200 | 90 | 45 | *30 | *23 | *†18 | *†15 | *†13 | *†12 | *†10 | *†9 |
1,300 | 80 | 40 | *27 | *20 | *†16 | *†14 | *†12 | *†10 | *†9 | *†8 |
1,400 | 70 | 35 | *24 | *†18 | *†14 | *†12 | *†10 | *†9 | *†8 | *†7 |
1,500 | 60 | *30 | *20 | *†15 | *†12 | *†10 | *†9 | *†8 | *†7 | *†6 |
1,600 | 50 | *25 | *†17 | *†13 | *†10 | *†9 | *†8 | *†7 | *†6 | *†5 |
1,700 | 40 | *20 | *†14 | *†10 | *†8 | *†7 | *†6 | *†5 | *†5 | *†4 |
1,800 | *30 | *†15 | *†10 | *†8 | *†6 | *†5 | *†5 | *†4 | *†4 | *†3 |
1,900 | *20 | *†10 | *†7 | *†5 | *†4 | *†4 | *†3 | *†3 | *†3 | *†2 |
2,000 | *†10 | *†5 | *†4 | *†3 | *†2 | *†2 | *†2 | *†2 | *†2 | *†1 |
2,100 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 |
2,200 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
veh/h/ln = vehicles per hour per lane.
-- = not applicable.
* Operator should consider initiating shoulder-opening activities.
† The freeway will reach capacity before the shoulder is opened.
Bottleneck Per Lane Capacity | Minutes until Capacity Is Reached | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Increase in Hourly Volume Rate In Past 5 Minutes | ||||||||||
2,000 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 |
Current Volume (veh/h/ln) | ||||||||||
0 | 200 | 100 | 67 | 50 | 40 | 34 | *29 | *25 | *23 | *20 |
100 | 190 | 95 | 64 | 48 | 38 | 32 | *28 | *24 | *22 | *†19 |
200 | 180 | 90 | 60 | 45 | 36 | 30 | *26 | *23 | *20 | *†18 |
300 | 170 | 85 | 57 | 43 | 34 | *29 | *25 | *22 | *†19 | *†17 |
400 | 160 | 80 | 54 | 40 | 32 | *27 | *23 | *20 | *†18 | *†16 |
500 | 150 | 75 | 50 | 38 | *30 | *25 | *22 | *†19 | *†17 | *†15 |
600 | 140 | 70 | 47 | 35 | *28 | *24 | *20 | *†18 | *†16 | *†14 |
700 | 130 | 65 | 44 | 33 | *26 | *22 | *†19 | *†17 | *†15 | *†13 |
800 | 120 | 60 | 40 | *30 | *24 | *20 | *†18 | *†15 | *†14 | *†12 |
900 | 110 | 55 | 37 | *28 | *22 | *†19 | *†16 | *†14 | *†13 | *†11 |
1,000 | 100 | 50 | 34 | *25 | *20 | *†17 | *†15 | *†13 | *†12 | *†10 |
1,100 | 90 | 45 | *30 | *23 | *†18 | *†15 | *†13 | *†12 | *†10 | *†9 |
1,200 | 80 | 40 | *27 | *20 | *†16 | *†14 | *†12 | *†10 | *†9 | *†8 |
1,300 | 70 | 35 | *24 | *†18 | *†14 | *†12 | *†10 | *†9 | *†8 | *†7 |
1,400 | 60 | *30 | *20 | *†15 | *†12 | *†10 | *†9 | *†8 | *†7 | *†6 |
1,500 | 50 | *25 | *†17 | *†13 | *†10 | *†9 | *†8 | *†7 | *†6 | *†5 |
1,600 | 40 | *20 | *†14 | *†10 | *†8 | *†7 | *†6 | *†5 | *†5 | *†4 |
1,700 | 30 | *†15 | *†10 | *†8 | *†6 | *†5 | *†5 | *†4 | *†4 | *†3 |
1,800 | * | *†10 | *†7 | *†5 | *†4 | *†4 | *†3 | *†3 | *†3 | *†2 |
1,900 | *†10 | *†5 | *†4 | *†3 | *†2 | *†2 | *†2 | *†2 | *†2 | *†1 |
2,000 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 |
2,100 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
2,200 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
veh/h/ln = vehicles per hour per lane.
-- = not applicable.
* Operator should consider initiating shoulder-opening activities.
† The freeway will reach capacity before the shoulder is opened.
Bottleneck Per Lane Capacity | Minutes until Capacity Is Reached | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Increase in Hourly Volume Rate In Past 5 Minutes | ||||||||||
1,900 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 |
Current Volume (veh/h/ln) | ||||||||||
0 | 190 | 95 | 64 | 48 | 38 | 32 | *28 | *24 | *22 | *†19 |
100 | 180 | 90 | 60 | 45 | 36 | 30 | *26 | *23 | *20 | *†18 |
200 | 170 | 85 | 57 | 43 | 34 | *29 | *25 | *22 | *†19 | *†17 |
300 | 160 | 80 | 54 | 40 | 32 | *27 | *23 | *20 | *†18 | *†16 |
400 | 150 | 75 | 50 | 38 | *30 | *25 | *22 | *†19 | *†17 | *†15 |
500 | 140 | 70 | 47 | 35 | *28 | *24 | *20 | *†18 | *†16 | *†14 |
600 | 130 | 65 | 44 | 33 | *26 | *22 | *†19 | *†17 | *†15 | *†13 |
700 | 120 | 60 | 40 | *30 | *24 | *20 | *†18 | *†15 | *†14 | *†12 |
800 | 110 | 55 | 37 | *28 | *22 | *†19 | *†16 | *†14 | *†13 | *†11 |
900 | 100 | 50 | 34 | *25 | *20 | *†17 | *†15 | *†13 | *†12 | *†10 |
1,000 | 90 | 45 | *30 | *23 | *†18 | *†15 | *†13 | *†12 | *†10 | *†9 |
1,100 | 80 | 40 | *27 | *20 | *†16 | *†14 | *†12 | *†10 | *†9 | *†8 |
1,200 | 70 | 35 | *24 | *†18 | *†14 | *†12 | *†10 | *†9 | *†8 | *†7 |
1,300 | 60 | *30 | *20 | *†15 | *†12 | *†10 | *†9 | *†8 | *†7 | *†6 |
1,400 | 50 | *25 | *†17 | *†13 | *†10 | *†9 | *†8 | *†7 | *†6 | *†5 |
1,500 | 40 | *20 | *†14 | *†10 | *†8 | *†7 | *†6 | *†5 | *†5 | *†4 |
1,600 | 30 | *†15 | *†10 | *†8 | *†6 | *†5 | *†5 | *†4 | *†4 | *†3 |
1,700 | * | *†10 | *†7 | *†5 | *†4 | *†4 | *†3 | *†3 | *†3 | *†2 |
1,800 | *†10 | *†5 | *†4 | *†3 | *†2 | *†2 | *†2 | *†2 | *†2 | *†1 |
1,900 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 |
2,000 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
2,100 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
2,200 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
veh/h/ln = vehicles per hour per lane.
-- = not applicable.
* Operator should consider initiating shoulder-opening activities.
† The freeway will reach capacity before the shoulder is opened.
Bottleneck Per Lane Capacity | Minutes until Capacity Is Reached | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Increase in Hourly Volume Rate In Past 5 Minutes | ||||||||||
1,800 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 |
Current Volume (veh/h/ln) | ||||||||||
0 | 180 | 90 | 60 | 45 | 36 | 30 | *26 | *23 | *20 | *†18 |
100 | 170 | 85 | 57 | 43 | 34 | *29 | *25 | *22 | *†19 | *†17 |
200 | 160 | 80 | 54 | 40 | 32 | *27 | *23 | *20 | *†18 | *†16 |
300 | 150 | 75 | 50 | 38 | *30 | *25 | *22 | *†19 | *†17 | *†15 |
400 | 140 | 70 | 47 | 35 | *28 | *24 | *20 | *†18 | *†16 | *†14 |
500 | 130 | 65 | 44 | 33 | *26 | *22 | *†19 | *†17 | *†15 | *†13 |
600 | 120 | 60 | 40 | *30 | *24 | *20 | *†18 | *†15 | *†14 | *†12 |
700 | 110 | 55 | 37 | *28 | *22 | *†19 | *†16 | *†14 | *†13 | *†11 |
800 | 100 | 50 | 34 | *25 | *20 | *†17 | *†15 | *†13 | *†12 | *†10 |
900 | 90 | 45 | *30 | *23 | *†18 | *†15 | *†13 | *†12 | *†10 | *†9 |
1,000 | 80 | 40 | *27 | *20 | *†16 | *†14 | *†12 | *†10 | *†9 | *†8 |
1,100 | 70 | 35 | *24 | *†18 | *†14 | *†12 | *†10 | *†9 | *†8 | *†7 |
1,200 | 60 | *30 | *20 | *†15 | *†12 | *†10 | *†9 | *†8 | *†7 | *†6 |
1,300 | 50 | *25 | *†17 | *†13 | *†10 | *†9 | *†8 | *†7 | *†6 | *†5 |
1,400 | 40 | *20 | *†14 | *†10 | *†8 | *†7 | *†6 | *†5 | *†5 | *†4 |
1,500 | 30 | *†15 | *†10 | *†8 | *†6 | *†5 | *†5 | *†4 | *†4 | *†3 |
1,600 | * | *†10 | *†7 | *†5 | *†4 | *†4 | *†3 | *†3 | *†3 | *†2 |
1,700 | *†10 | *†5 | *†4 | *†3 | *†2 | *†2 | *†2 | *†2 | *†2 | *†1 |
1,800 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 |
1,900 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
2,000 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
2,100 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
2,200 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
veh/h/ln = vehicles per hour per lane.
-- = not applicable.
* Operator should consider initiating shoulder-opening activities.
† The freeway will reach capacity before the shoulder is opened.
Bottleneck Per Lane Capacity | Minutes until Capacity Is Reached | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Increase in Hourly Volume Rate In Past 5 Minutes | ||||||||||
1,700 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 |
Current Volume (veh/h/ln) | ||||||||||
0 | 170 | 85 | 57 | 43 | 34 | *29 | *25 | *22 | *†19 | *†17 |
100 | 160 | 80 | 54 | 40 | 32 | *27 | *23 | *20 | *†18 | *†16 |
200 | 150 | 75 | 50 | 38 | *30 | *25 | *22 | *†19 | *†17 | *†15 |
300 | 140 | 70 | 47 | 35 | *28 | *24 | *20 | *†18 | *†16 | *†14 |
400 | 130 | 65 | 44 | 33 | *26 | *22 | *†19 | *†17 | *†15 | *†13 |
500 | 120 | 60 | 40 | *30 | *24 | *20 | *†18 | *†15 | *†14 | *†12 |
600 | 110 | 55 | 37 | *28 | *22 | *†19 | *†16 | *†14 | *†13 | *†11 |
700 | 100 | 50 | 34 | *25 | *20 | *†17 | *†15 | *†13 | *†12 | *†10 |
800 | 90 | 45 | *30 | *23 | *†18 | *†15 | *†13 | *†12 | *†10 | *†9 |
900 | 80 | 40 | *27 | *20 | *†16 | *†14 | *†12 | *†10 | *†9 | *†8 |
1,000 | 70 | 35 | *24 | *†18 | *†14 | *†12 | *†10 | *†9 | *†8 | *†7 |
1,100 | 60 | *30 | *20 | *†15 | *†12 | *†10 | *†9 | *†8 | *†7 | *†6 |
1,200 | 50 | *25 | *†17 | *†13 | *†10 | *†9 | *†8 | *†7 | *†6 | *†5 |
1,300 | 40 | *20 | *†14 | *†10 | *†8 | *†7 | *†6 | *†5 | *†5 | *†4 |
1,400 | 30 | *†15 | *†10 | *†8 | *†6 | *†5 | *†5 | *†4 | *†4 | *†3 |
1,500 | * | *†10 | *†7 | *†5 | *†4 | *†4 | *†3 | *†3 | *†3 | *†2 |
1,600 | *†10 | *†5 | *†4 | *†3 | *†2 | *†2 | *†2 | *†2 | *†2 | *†1 |
1,700 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 |
1,800 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
1,900 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
2,000 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
2,100 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
2,200 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
veh/h/ln = vehicles per hour per lane.
-- = not applicable.
* Operator should consider initiating shoulder-opening activities.
† The freeway will reach capacity before the shoulder is opened.
Bottleneck Per Lane Capacity | Minutes until Capacity Is Reached | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Increase in Hourly Volume Rate In Past 5 Minutes | ||||||||||
1,600 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 |
Current Volume (veh/h/ln) | ||||||||||
0 | 160 | 80 | 54 | 40 | 32 | *27 | *23 | *20 | *†18 | *†16 |
100 | 150 | 75 | 50 | 38 | *30 | *25 | *22 | *†19 | *†17 | *†15 |
200 | 140 | 70 | 47 | 35 | *28 | *24 | *20 | *†18 | *†16 | *†14 |
300 | 130 | 65 | 44 | 33 | *26 | *22 | *†19 | *†17 | *†15 | *†13 |
400 | 120 | 60 | 40 | *30 | *24 | *20 | *†18 | *†15 | *†14 | *†12 |
500 | 110 | 55 | 37 | *28 | *22 | *†19 | *†16 | *†14 | *†13 | *†11 |
600 | 100 | 50 | 34 | *25 | *20 | *†17 | *†15 | *†13 | *†12 | *†10 |
700 | 90 | 45 | *30 | *23 | *†18 | *†15 | *†13 | *†12 | *†10 | *†9 |
800 | 80 | 40 | *27 | *20 | *†16 | *†14 | *†12 | *†10 | *†9 | *†8 |
900 | 70 | 35 | *24 | *†18 | *†14 | *†12 | *†10 | *†9 | *†8 | *†7 |
1,000 | 60 | *30 | *20 | *†15 | *†12 | *†10 | *†9 | *†8 | *†7 | *†6 |
1,100 | 50 | *25 | *†17 | *†13 | *†10 | *†9 | *†8 | *†7 | *†6 | *†5 |
1,200 | 40 | *20 | *†14 | *†10 | *†8 | *†7 | *†6 | *†5 | *†5 | *†4 |
1,300 | 30 | *†15 | *†10 | *†8 | *†6 | *†5 | *†5 | *†4 | *†4 | *†3 |
1,400 | * | *†10 | *†7 | *†5 | *†4 | *†4 | *†3 | *†3 | *†3 | *†2 |
1,500 | *†10 | *†5 | *†4 | *†3 | *†2 | *†2 | *†2 | *†2 | *†2 | *†1 |
1,600 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 |
1,700 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
1,800 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
1,900 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
2,000 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
2,100 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
2,200 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
veh/h/ln = vehicles per hour per lane.
-- = not applicable.
* Operator should consider initiating shoulder-opening activities.
† The freeway will reach capacity before the shoulder is opened.
Bottleneck Per Lane Capacity | Minutes until Capacity Is Reached | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Increase in Hourly Volume Rate In Past 5 Minutes | ||||||||||
1,500 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 |
Current Volume (veh/h/ln) | ||||||||||
0 | 150 | 75 | 50 | 38 | *30 | *25 | *22 | *†19 | *†17 | *†15 |
100 | 140 | 70 | 47 | 35 | *28 | *24 | *20 | *†18 | *†16 | *†14 |
200 | 130 | 65 | 44 | 33 | *26 | *22 | *†19 | *†17 | *†15 | *†13 |
300 | 120 | 60 | 40 | *30 | *24 | *20 | *†18 | *†15 | *†14 | *†12 |
400 | 110 | 55 | 37 | *28 | *22 | *†19 | *†16 | *†14 | *†13 | *†11 |
500 | 100 | 50 | 34 | *25 | *20 | *†17 | *†15 | *†13 | *†12 | *†10 |
600 | 90 | 45 | *30 | *23 | *†18 | *†15 | *†13 | *†12 | *†10 | *†9 |
700 | 80 | 40 | *27 | *20 | *†16 | *†14 | *†12 | *†10 | *†9 | *†8 |
800 | 70 | 35 | *24 | *†18 | *†14 | *†12 | *†10 | *†9 | *†8 | *†7 |
900 | 60 | *30 | *20 | *†15 | *†12 | *†10 | *†9 | *†8 | *†7 | *†6 |
1,000 | 50 | *25 | *†17 | *†13 | *†10 | *†9 | *†8 | *†7 | *†6 | *†5 |
1,100 | 40 | *20 | *†14 | *†10 | *†8 | *†6 | *†5 | *†5 | *†5 | *†4 |
1,200 | 30 | *†15 | *†10 | *†8 | *†6 | *†5 | *†5 | *†4 | *†4 | *†3 |
1,300 | * | *†10 | *†7 | *†5 | *†4 | *†4 | *†3 | *†3 | *†3 | *†2 |
1,400 | *†10 | *†5 | *†4 | *†3 | *†2 | *†2 | *†2 | *†2 | *†2 | *†1 |
1,500 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 | *†0 |
1,600 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
1,700 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
1,800 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
1,900 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
2,000 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
2,100 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
2,200 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
veh/h/ln = vehicles per hour per lane.
-- = not applicable.
* Operator should consider initiating shoulder-opening activities.
† The freeway will reach capacity before the shoulder is opened.