Work Zone Mobility and Safety Program

F. Sample TMP 2 Moderate-to-Major Impacts with Appendices

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

1.0 Project Description

2.0 TMP Team—Roles and Responsibilities

3.0 Existing Conditions

4.0 Operational Analysis—Existing

4.1. Safety Analysis

4.2. Traffic Analysis

5.0 Work Zone Impact Management Strategies

5.1. Temporary Traffic Control Plan

5.2. Transportation Operations Plan

5.3. Public Information Plan

6.0 TMP Implementation/Monitoring

7.0 TMP Review/Approvals

8.0 Appendices


Project Name: Replacement of 1-94 Bridges over Riverside Drive Battle Creek, Michigan

Executive Summary

This sample was developed based on the Transportation Management Plan (TMP) created for the replacement of I-94 bridges over Riverside Drive in Battle Creek, Michigan. Replacement of the I-94 bridges is expected to create significant impacts in the vicinity of the project. This TMP shows the analysis of alternate traffic control schemes, the anticipated impacts of the construction, and the strategies that will be deployed to mitigate the impacts.[1]

1.0 Project Description

The proposed project consists of two projects combined because of location. The first is the replacement of the two I-94 bridges over Riverside Drive. The second project is a cracks-per-mile (CPM) cold mill and single course hot-mix asphalt (HMA) overlay of I-94 EB and WB from Helmer Road to 6½ Mile Road, including ramps and rest area repairs.

This is a significant project based on the criteria specified in the Michigan Work Zone Safety and Mobility Manual.[2] Thus, the TMP is comprised of all three components:

  1. Temporary Traffic Control Plan (TTCP)
  2. Transportation Operations Plan (TOP)
  3. Public Information Plan (PIP).

Map of the Battle Creek Area, Calhoun County (JN75047 CS13081, JN102807 CS13081 and 13082
Vicinity Map

Project Schedule: The proposed construction phasing consists of four stages, as illustrated by the schedule below:

Timeline of proposed schedule for I-94 bridge replacement. Letting date is the beginning of week 2. Stage 1 begins at the atart of week 2 and ends at the end of week 8. Stage 2 begins at the start of week 10 and ends midway in week 18. Stage 3 begins midway in week 18 and ends midway in week 24. Stage 4 begins near the end of week 24 and ends midway in week 32. Bridge is open to traffic midway in week 32.

2.0 TMP Team—Roles and Responsibilities


Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) Project Engineer
Name: Daniel Xxxxx[3]
Unit: MDOT
Phone: 517-242-XXXX
Email: danielx@michigan.gov
Roles and Responsibilities: Ensure TMP Compliance with the Work Zone Safety and Mobility Policy. Coordinate the PIP completion with the communication representative.

Transportation Service Center (TSC) Staff
Name (TSC Staff Lead): Leslie Xxxxx
Unit: TSC
Phone: 517-242-XXXX
Email: lesliex@michigan.gov
Roles and Responsibilities: Identify and propose mitigation activities to be included in the TMP in subsequent project development phases. Develop the project-level TMP, Temporary Traffic Control Plan (TTCP), Transportation Operations Plan (TOP), and Public Information Plan (PIP) for significant projects. Conduct capacity analysis using the CO3 (Construction, congestion, Cost) program or comparable project-level models.

TSC Delivery Engineer
Name: George Xxxxx
Unit: TSC
Phone: 517-242-XXXX
Email: georgex@michigan.gov
Roles and Responsibilities: Ensure all aspects of TMP comply with the Work Zone Safety and Mobility Policy during the construction, which includes monitoring, analyzing, and documenting mobility criteria in the TMP and crash numbers once implemented.

Region/TSC Maintenance Supervisor/Coordinator
Name: Marshall Xxxxx
Unit: TSC
Phone: 517-242-XXXX
Email: marshallx@michigan.gov
Roles and Responsibilities: Ensure all State and contract maintenance activity is conducted in accordance with the Work Zone Safety and Mobility Policy.

Public Information Officer
MDOT Consultant
Name: William Xxxxx
Unit: MDOT
Phone: 517-242-XXXX
Email: williamx@michigan.gov
Name: Mesfin Xxxxx
Phone: 517-242-XXXX
Email: mesfinx@eng.com
Roles and Responsibilities: Provide real-time public awareness of the work zone.

Emergency Service Contacts
Name: Greer xxxx
Unit: TSC (Delivery Engineer)
Phone: 517-242-XXXX
Email: greerx@michigan.gov
Roles and Responsibilities: Respond in case of an emergency or unexpected event such as accidents, major traffic delays, etc.

3.0 Existing Conditions

I-94 is a multilane freeway with two lanes in each direction. Table 1 provides a summary of the roadway characteristics. Appendix A provides hourly count reports.

Table 1: Summary of Roadways Affected by Construction
Control Section, Roadway 13081, I-94 Bridges over Riverside Drive
(Bridge Replacement)
13081, I-94 by Riverside Bridges
(CPM Mill and Fill)
13082, I-94 East of I-194/M66
(CPM Mill and Fill)
Road Type 4 Lane Freeway 4 Lane Freeway 4 Lane Freeway
Existing Lane Configuration 2 Lanes Eastbound & 2 Lanes Westbound 2 Lanes Eastbound & 2 Lanes Westbound 2 Lanes Eastbound & 2 Lanes Westbound
Proposed Lane Configuration 2 1 (for nonrestricted hours only) 1 (for nonrestricted hours only)
ADT 55,800 55,800 50,400
% Commercial 25% 25% 24%
Expected % Diversion 5% 0% 0%
Existing PHV (V/C) 0.90 0.90 0.75
Existing PHV LOS D E C

4.0 Operational Analysis—Existing

This section analyzes the existing safety and traffic conditions within the project influence area.

4.1. Safety Analysis

A Crash Analysis & Safety Review was conducted for I-94 EB & WB (from Helmer Road to 6½ Mile Road), for the 3-year period (January 1, 2005—December 31, 2007), using the MDOT Transportation Management System (TMS) database. The segment analyzed was approximately 0.25 miles before and after the point of beginning (POB) and point of end (POE). Table 2 below provides a summary of crashes. Fixed object, animal crashes, and rear-end crashes are the predominant crash types. Additional details on the analysis are provided in Appendix B.

Table 2: Summary of Crashes (January 1, 2005—December 31, 2007, I-94 EB & WB)
Crash Type Crash Count Percentage
Fixed Object 97 28.28
Animal 56 16.33
Rear-End Straight 52 15.16
Sideswipe Same 38 11.08
Miscellaneous One Vehicle 28 8.16
Overturn 28 8.16
Other Object 21 6.12
Angle Straight 9 2.62
Rear-End Right Turn 4 1.17
Head-On 3 0.87
Sideswipe Opposite 3 0.87
Rear-End Left Turn 1 0.29
Angle Turn 1 0.29

4.2. Traffic Analysis

4.2.1. Data Collection and Traffic Modeling Approach

The CO3 model[4] was used to model traffic delay, user cost, and construction cost for construction and maintenance operations. In addition, LOS charts were generated based on Highway Capacity Manual.

The traffic data for analyses was obtained from hourly count reports provided by the MDOT Bureau of Transportation Planning. Appendix B provides the traffic counts and Appendix C shows the detailed reports.

Output data from the CO3 software and LOS Charts were used to describe the operation of the control sections 13081 (I-94 bridges over Riverside Drive) and 13082 (I-94 East of I-194/M66). Measures of Effectiveness considered are:

  1. Vehicle delay (in minutes)
  2. V/C ratio
  3. Level of Service
  4. Maximum backup length (in miles).

4.2.2. Alternatives/Impact Assessment

The project team considered different alternatives on how to balance cost and mobility. CO3 models were run based on these alternatives. The selection of alternatives was based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Alternatives Considered

To possibly minimize the impact on user mobility, the following alternative traffic control schemes were evaluated for replacing the I-94 bridges over Riverside Drive project:

  1. Detour existing I-94 traffic to other routes: I-94 has an average daily traffic (ADT) of 55,800 vehicles per day (VPD). This alternative was not feasible because detouring high volumes to existing routes would result in unacceptable delays and congestion on the surrounding road network.
  2. Construct a temporary bridge: This alternative was cost-prohibitive because of the steep grades and existing interchanges close to the bridge.
  3. One lane with alternating traffic on Riverside Drive during construction: This alternative would potentially increase project construction duration to two construction seasons.
  4. Part-width Construction: Construction would be performed as part-width to maintain two 11-ft lanes with 1-ft shy distance in each direction (EB & WB) at all times for I-94. Riverside Drive would be closed and detoured.

Selected Traffic Control Scheme for I-94 Bridge Replacement over Riverside Drive

The selected alternative provides a project solution that not only meets and exceeds the final goals of the project, but one that could also be constructed with minimal impact to the surrounding roadway network and the roadways within the project limits. Part-width construction as detailed in alternative 4 above was selected. Traffic staging for this alternative includes:

  1. Stage 1: Shift two lanes of traffic in each direction (EB &WB) to the outside lane of the existing bridges. Remove inside portion of each bridge.
  2. Stage 2: Traffic remains shifted to the outside lanes of the existing bridges. Construct the new inside portion of bridge wide enough for two lanes of traffic in Stage 3.
  3. Stage 3: Shift two lanes of traffic to the inside lanes of the newly constructed bridges. Remove the outside portion of each existing bridge.
  4. Stage 4: Traffic remains shifted to inside of newly constructed bridge. Construct new outside portion of the bridge.

Riverside Drive Detour

The proposed detour route is Minges Road to Capital Avenue to Beckley Road. The travel time along the existing route is 1.98 minutes and the travel time of the detour route is 3.97 minutes, a difference of only 1.99 minutes. The detour route will be reviewed to determine the need for new/additional signing and pavement markings, including detour guide signs, detour ramp gore signs, and two portable changeable message signs providing warning messages one week prior to and during the detour. The City of Battle Creek approved the detour route. During construction, access to all business and residential drives will be maintained.

Detour plan, described in preceding text.

Selected Traffic Control Scheme for I-94 CPM Project from Helmer Road to M-66

The CPM paving operations will be performed at night (Sunday through Thursday). During certain periods while paving operations are under way, roadway performance will decrease to LOS D and E due to time needed for constructability/production each night. The time restrictions for this project only permit an 11 hour work period for temporary traffic control setup, paving, stripping of temporary pavement markings, and removal of temporary traffic control. The contractor will pave one lane and a shoulder with a tapered overlapping centerline longitudinal joint. The following night the contractor will pave the adjacent lane. Table 3 provides a summary of Measures of Effectiveness (MOEs) for existing and proposed construction conditions for the affected roadways.

Table 3: Summary of MOEs for Existing Conditions and Proposed Construction Conditions
  Hourly
Capacity
Peak Hourly
Volume (PHV)
PHV V/C PHV LOS Average
Delay
Peak Hour
Delay
Maximum
Back Up
Length
Control Section, Roadway Existing Proposed Existing Proposed Existing Proposed Existing Proposed Proposed
(minutes)
Proposed
(minutes)
Proposed
(miles)
WD WE WD WE WD WE WD WE WD WE
13081, I-94 by Riverside Bridge
(Bridge Replacement)
3,424 2,732 3,090 3,090 2,485 0.90 1.13 0.91 D E 0.9 1.0 1.4 1.4 0.0 0.0
13081, I-94 by Riverside Bridge
(CPM Mill and Fill)
3,424 1,387 3,090 2,176 1,855 0.90 1.57 1.34 D E 1.4 3.9 18.4 40.5 2.2 5.1
13082, I-94 East of I-194/M66
(CPM Mill and Fill)
3,424 1,387 2,581 1,950 0.75 1.41 C E 1.4 18.4 2.2
  • I-94 Bridge Replacement
    • Maintain two lanes in each direction with part-width construction.
    • WD—Weekday; WE—Weekend
  • I-94 CPM Mill and Fill
    • Maintain one lane in each direction during non-restricted hours (paving only Sun–Thu Nights)
    • WD—Weekday; WE—Weekend

Appendix C presents detailed analysis reports.

5.0 Work Zone Impact Management Strategies

Work zone impact management strategies are intended to provide mobility and access in and around the construction area without compromising public safety. The strategies are grouped according to the following three categories:

  1. Maintenance of Traffic (MOT)/Temporary Traffic Control Plan (TTCP)
  2. Transportation Operations Plan (TOP)
  3. Public Information Plan (PIP).

5.1. Temporary Traffic Control Plan

The MOT concept described recommends the use of the following measures to maximize work zone safety and minimize impacts on user mobility:

  • Conduct an initial Plan Review meeting for the I-94 Bridges over Riverside Road project.
  • Provide adequate lateral and longitudinal buffers during active work periods to maximize user mobility and worker safety.
  • Provide positive separation between traffic and the work area using temporary concrete barrier, with attenuator.

Notes:

  • Appendix D provides information on contracting clauses.
  • Appendix E provides the MOT plans and detour plan sheet.
  • Appendix F provides design plans/typical.
  • See section 4.2.2 for selected traffic control schemes for Riverside Bridge Project and the CPM Project.

5.2. Transportation Operations Plan

The general strategies for operations and management of the work zones include:

  • Air traffic will not be affected.
  • Work will be suspended during holiday periods, as defined by the project engineer. All work shall be coordinated around local festivals.
  • Custom signs, (RUMBLE STRIPS) and (ATTENTION MOTORCYCLISTS) signs included in the quantities should be placed as the lead signs in the sign sequence when traffic is shifted. These signs will be placed on both sides of the roadway.
  • W20-15b (WATCH FOR TRAFFIC BACKUPS/BE PREPARED TO STOP) signs should be placed at the Point of Beginning (POB) for WB and POB for EB and 5 miles in advance of each POB on the right and left of the roadway.
  • A minimum of two R11-4MOD (OVERWIDTH VEHICLES PROHIBITED/10-FOOT MAXIMUM WIDTH) signs should be placed (1) at ½ mile before the interchange of I-94BL/M-37/Columbia Ave/Skyline/Martin Luther King Blvd/Exit 92 (eastbound) and (2) in advance of the interchange of M-294/Beadle Lake Road/Exit 100 (westbound).
  • Portable Changeable Message Signs (PCMS) will be used to warn traffic of upcoming work and changing traffic control during the life of the project. The PCMS will be installed and operational a minimum of 7 calendar days prior to the start of work. The proposed PCMS message sequence to be used is given below:

Proposed PCMS message sequence for Riverside Bridge and I-94 CPM projects.
  • Notify the Battle Creek Area Transit Authority in advance of any roadway maintaining traffic changes to decrease any impacts to normal transit routes.
  • Law enforcement will be asked to provide patrol of the work zone.
  • Restrict access for construction vehicles between traveled lanes and work areas to specific locations. The number of access points and their locations require prior approval from the Engineer.

The strategies for operations and management of the I-94 CPM Project are as follows:

  • Maintain two lanes of traffic on I-94 during the following hours:
    • Monday through Thursday, 6:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.
    • Friday, 6:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m.
    • Saturday, 8:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.
    • Sunday, noon to 9:00 p.m.
  • Remove all signs and traffic control devices during the hours of the above lane restrictions, according to the special provision for temporary removal of portable signs. If the signs are displayed during the restricted hours, then the contractor is charged liquidated damages of $333 for every 15 minutes the signs are displayed.
  • Provide transverse and longitudinal HMA tapers at all grade changes caused by cold milling and overlays. Pave all cold-milled areas the same day as the cold milling operation is performed. Allow no traffic on the cold-milled surface, unless otherwise approved by the Engineer.
  • Place lighted plastic drums for the WHOLE length of the project on BOTH sides of the EB and WB I-94.
  • When not in use, store the lighted plastic drums along the edge of the shoulders. Do not drag drums across open lanes of traffic on a routine basis.
  • During the paving operation, when the lap joint will be exposed to traffic, place a solid white lane line on the tapered portion of the joint, in addition to the solid white edgeline. Within the following work period, after the contractor has paved the adjacent lane to previous paving length, place a dashed white lane and 4-ft strips on 50-ft centers to delineate the center line, in addition to the solid yellow edgeline.
  • Place temporary pavement markings, Type NR paint, 4-inch white at 4-ft skips on 50-ft centers to delineate the centerline, prior to opening to traffic, at the end of each work night.
  • Place Temporary Paint (Type NR paint, 4-inch white and 4-inch yellow) to delineate the edge of the roadway lanes after each HMA course at the end of EACH working night, prior to opening to traffic.

Incident Management Plan

  • Install permanent emergency routes signs along the I-94 corridor in the project limits to provide motorist guidance in the event of a traffic incident.
  • Maintain access for emergency vehicles at all times through coordination with the MDOT construction staff.

5.3. Public Information Plan

The following strategies will be used to inform the public and stakeholders about the project:

  • Circulate a project brochure detailing the type of project, the traffic control required to construct the job, and the time the project is expected to last.
  • Issue a press release before the project begins detailing the type of project, the traffic control required to construct the job, and the time the project is expected to last.
  • Keep the MDOT lane closure website up to date.
  • Attend Neighborhood Planning Counsel Meeting(s) to describe the upcoming project, provide status, and receive feedback.
  • Use portable changeable message signs (PCMS) to notify road users of upcoming work and changing traffic control throughout the life of the project. Install the PCMS and keep operational a minimum of 7 calendar days prior to the start of work. Table 4 provides a summary of work zone impact management strategies.
Table 4: Summary of Work Zone Impact Management Strategies[5]
Temporary Traffic Control Chosen strategy Cost
Control Strategies
1. Construction phasing/staging Chosen strategy  
2. Full roadway closures    
3. Lane shifts or closures Chosen strategy  
4. One-lane, two-way controlled operation    
5. Two-way, one-lane traffic/reversible lanes    
6. Ramp closures/relocation    
7. Freeway-to-freeway interchange closures    
8. Night work Chosen strategy  
9. Weekend work    
10. Work hour restrictions for peak travel Chosen strategy  
11. Pedestrian/bicycle access improvements    
12. Business access improvements    
13. Off-site detours/use of alternate routes Chosen strategy  
Traffic Control Devices
14. Temporary signs Chosen strategy 300-500
15. Arrow boards Chosen strategy 5,000-10,000
16. Channelizing devices Chosen strategy  
17. Temporary pavement markings Chosen strategy  
18. Flaggers and uniformed traffic control officers Chosen strategy  
19. Temporary traffic signals Chosen strategy 100,000-250,000
20. Lighting devices Chosen strategy  
Project Coordination Strategies
21. Other area projects Chosen strategy  
22. Utilities Chosen strategy  
23. Right-of-Way    
24. Other transportation infrastructure    
Innovative Contracting Strategies
25. Design-Build    
26. A+B Bidding    
27. Incentive/Disincentive clauses    
28. Lane rental    
29. Performance specifications    
Innovative or Accelerated Construction Techniques
30. Prefabricated/precast elements    
31. Rapid cure materials    

Transportation Operations Chosen strategy Cost
Demand Management Strategies
1. Transit service improvements    
2. Transit incentives    
3. Shuttle services    
4. Parking supply management    
5. Variable work hours    
6. Telecommuting    
7. Ridesharing/carpooling incentives    
8. Park-and-Ride promotion    
Corridor/Network Management Strategies
9. Signal timing/coordination improvements    
10. Temporary traffic signals    
11. Street/intersection improvements    
12. Bus turnouts    
13. Turn restrictions    
14. Parking restrictions    
15. Truck/heavy vehicle restrictions    
16. Reversible lanes    
17. Dynamic lane closure system    
18. Ramp closures    
19. Railroad crossing controls    
20. Coordination with adjacent construction site(s)    
Work Zone ITS Strategies
21. Late lane merge    
22. PCMS with speed display Chosen strategy 20,000/each
23. Travel time estimation system    
24. Advanced speed information system    
25. Advanced congestion warning system    
26. Conflict warning system (e.g., construction vehicles entering roadway)    
27. Travel time monitor system    
28. Freeway queue monitor system    
29. CCTV monitoring    
30. Real-time detour    
Work Zone Safety Management Strategies
31. Speed limit reduction/variable speed limits    
32. Temporary traffic signals    
33. Temporary traffic barrier Chosen strategy  
34. Movable traffic barrier systems Chosen strategy  
35. Crash cushions Chosen strategy  
36. Temporary rumble strips    
37. Intrusion alarms    
38. Warning lights    
39. Automated flagger assistance devices (AFADs)    
40. Project task force/committee Chosen strategy  
41. Construction safety supervisors/inspectors    
42. Road safety audits    
43. TMP monitor/inspection team    
Incident Management and Enforcement Strategies
44. ITS for traffic monitoring/management Chosen strategy  
45. TMC Chosen strategy  
46. Surveillance (e.g., CCTV) Chosen strategy $5,000-7,000/
each
47. Helicopter for aerial surveillance    
48. Traffic Screens    
49. Call boxes    
50. Mile-post markers    
51. Tow/freeway service patrol Chosen strategy  
52. Total station units    
53. Photogrammetry    
54. Media coordination Chosen strategy 250,000-500,000/
year
55. Local detour routes Chosen strategy  
56. Contract support for Incident Management    
57. Incident/Emergency management coordination    
58. Incident/Emergency response plan    
59. Dedicated (paid) police enforcement    
60. Cooperative police enforcement    
61. Automated enforcement    
62. Increased penalties for work zone violations Chosen strategy  
63. Emergency pull-offs    

Public Information and Outreach Chosen strategy Cost
Public Awareness Strategies
1. Branding    
2. Press kits    
3. Brochures and mailers Chosen strategy 2,000-5,000/
each
4. Press releases/media alerts Chosen strategy  
5. Mass media (earned and/or paid)    
6. Paid advertisements Chosen strategy 3,000-5,000/
15 seconds
7. Project Information Center Chosen strategy  
8. Telephone hotline    
9. Planned lane closure website    
10. Project website Chosen strategy 20,000-25,000/
initial setup
11. Public meetings/hearings, workshops Chosen strategy  
12. Community task forces    
13. Coordination with media/schools/business/emergency services    
14. Work zone education and safety campaigns    
15. Work zone safety highway signs Chosen strategy  
16. Rideshare promotions    
17. Visual information    
Motorist Information Strategies
18. Radio traffic news Chosen strategy  
19. Changeable message signs Chosen strategy 18,000-20,000/
each
20. Temporary motorist information signs    
21. Dynamic speed message sign Chosen strategy 6,000-8,000/
each
22. Highway Advisory Radio (HAR) Chosen strategy  
23. Extinguishable Signs    
24. Highway information network (web-based)    
25. Traveler information systems(wireless, handheld)    
26. Transportation Management Center (TMC) Chosen strategy  
27. Live traffic camera(s) on a website    
28. Project information hotline    
29. Email alerts    

6.0 TMP Implementation/Monitoring

In accordance with the MDOT Work Zone Safety and Mobility Manual, work zone monitoring will be completed by the region/TSC traffic and safety engineer. After initial implementation of the TMP, traffic delay monitoring, analysis and documentation are required during the life of the project. In addition, work zone crashes are to be documented and an analysis should be conducted to ensure that crash numbers have not increased. If monitoring of the work zone indicates that the actual delay times have exceeded the threshold limits anticipated or crash numbers have increased, then the need for adjustments in the TOP is to be considered.

7.0 TMP Review/Approvals

Note: In Michigan, the region engineer and region system manager are notified if after all mitigation measures have been applied, the project is still expected to exceed the mobility threshold limits (see footnote 2, page 1), or the TMP costs exceed 25% of the projects costs. The region is then responsible for contacting the Safety and Mobility Peer Team (SMPT) for a project review. The purpose of the SMPT is to conduct independent reviews and/or inspections of projects and provide recommendations to the Chief Operations Officer for approval before any implementations are made. See Appendix G for a sample Safety and Mobility Peer Team Review for this project.

8.0 Appendices

A. Hourly Count Reports

B. Crash Analysis & Safety Review

C. Traffic Analysis Reports

D. Clauses

E. Maintenance of Traffic Concept/Typical

F. Design Plans/Typical

G. Safety and Mobility Peer Team Review

  1. The scope, content, and level of detail of a TMP should vary based on the size, location, complexity, and expected level and range of impacts of a project. Depending on these project characteristics, a TMP for a moderate-to-major impact project may have more or less analysis and detail than this sample.
  2. A non-traffic regulating operation project in Michigan is to be considered potentially significant if any of the following apply:
    • Any project that occupies a specific location for more than three days, with either intermittent or continuous lane closures;
    • Any project that, alone or in combination with other nearby or concurrent projects, is anticipated to cause sustained work zone impacts that are greater than what is considered tolerable. This will be based on an assessment of work zone safety and mobility impacts (volume/capacity, travel time, and level of service);
    • Any project defined as "potentially significant" or "critical" by region staff.

    All potentially significant projects in Michigan are to be further evaluated for possible mobility impacts to the transportation system by comparison with the thresholds for the following critical evaluation criteria:

    • Volume to Capacity: Threshold—greater than 0.80.
    • Travel Time: Threshold—greater than 10 minutes.
    • Level of Service: Threshold—level of service drops 2 or more levels. For example, level of service A to C or C to E.
  3. Team member information is omitted. The information shown is for demonstration purposes only.
  4. The CO3 Model is a tool that engineers can use to estimate the magnitude and impacts of traffic congestion, including its cost impact on road users, that can be expected during a construction project. CO3 enables engineers to include construction congestion and its costs to users as an important variable in all project decisions, and helps in selecting among alternative methods of maintaining traffic during construction.
  5. The strategies and sample cost shown are for demonstration purposes only. When the TMP is incorporated in the contract documents, the cost items typically are not shown.

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