Freight Mobility Trends Report 2019

SECTION 3: FREIGHT-SPECIFIC LOCATIONS

Though the indicators are important at the national level to understand nationwide position and trends, it is also important to consider performance at different types of locations. This section depicts performance at different geographic levels. These levels include:

• Major freight highway bottlenecks.
• Freight Significant Corridors.
• Key freight facilities:
  • Airports.
  • Rail intermodal facilities.
  • Ports.
  • Border areas.
  • Border crossings.

Major Freight Highway Bottlenecks and Congested Corridors

Table 17 lists the 2019 top Interstate bottlenecks and congested corridors in the United States based on truck hours of delay per mile for 2019. Delay per mile (DPM) was calculated for each Interstate segment using the National Performance Management Research Data Set (NPMRDS) travel time data in the Freight Mobility Trends (FMT) tool. These locations were then compared with the bottlenecks identified by States in their 2019 Baseline Performance Reports. The analysis was completed for 2017 and 2018 to track trends from year to year, and the 2018 ranking is also included in the table. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) will conduct this analysis on an annual basis to update the list, track trends, and allow dialog with States on methods to address congestion at major bottlenecks. This will allow FHWA to identify successful transportation management techniques that can be shared with other States.

Table 17 lists the route, urban area, and State ordered by the 2019 truck hours of delay per mile. Information is provided for directional Annual Average Daily Truck Traffic (AADTT), annual truck hours of delay per mile, and total corridor congestion cost per year. Annual truck hours of delay per mile is determined at the most congested segment of the corridor. The generalized bottleneck location/congested corridor is estimated based on a review of corridor congestion scans in the NPMRDS. For major congested corridors, this may include multiple contiguous bottlenecks along the corridor. Total corridor congestion cost is calculated for the full extent of delay along the congested corridor, which may include multiple segments, as a function of both the time and fuel used while the truck is in congested traffic, factoring costs of personnel, commercial vehicle operation, and wasted fuel.

Appendix B provides detailed information on bottlenecks.

Table 17. Major Interstate freight highway bottlenecks and congested corridors based on truck hours of delay per mile from the 2019 National Performance Management Research Data Set.

2019 Rank	2018 Rank	Road	Urban Area	State	Generalized Bottleneck Location/ Congested Corridor	AADT (Trucks)	DPM (Truck Hours)	Total Corridor Congestion Cost ($)
1	1	I-95/ I-295	New York	NY/NJ	I-278/I-678 to NJ side of GW Bridge/SR-4	9,555	263,116	76,000,000
2	3	I-90/ I-94	Chicago	IL	I-94 N to I-55	8,003	140,942	86,900,000
3	4	I-605	Los Angeles	CA	I-5 to SR-60	10,963	139,777	62,500,000
4	2	I-35	Austin	TX	Airport Blvd. to Stassney Ln.	11,074	111,359	109,900,000
5	6	I-610	Houston	TX	I-69 to I-10	7,379	104,009	60,800,000
6	5	I-678	New York	NY	I-495 to Belt Pkwy. and I-295/I-95 to south end Bronx-Whitestone Bridge	6,510	100,237	40,000,000
7	11	I-405	Los Angeles	CA	I-105 to SR-42 Manchester Blvd.	12,139	95,686	147,800,000
8	7	I-290	Chicago	IL	I-90/I-94 to I-290	8,726	94,778	59,700,000
9	8	I-69/ US 59	Houston	TX	Buffalo Speedway to I-45	6,831	89,185	57,800,000
10	12	I-278	New York	NY	I-95/I-678 to Grand Central Pkwy. and SR 27 Prospect Expy. to SR-29 Queens Blvd.	6,607	88,339	147,000,000
11	9	I-24	Nashville	TN	US-41 to SR-155	12,775	86,920	52,200,000
12	10	I-10	Los Angeles	CA	20th St. to I-5 and at I-605	7,036	86,745	164,100,000
13	15	I-710	Los Angeles	CA	Cesar Chavez Ave. to Atlantic Blvd.	6,833	85,730	47,500,000
14	23	I-45	Houston	TX	US-90 to I-69	7,184	84,471	58,800,000
15	17	I-680	San Francisco	CA	SR-262 to SR-238	6,406	81,240	14,000,000
16	25	I-495	New York	NY	Little Neck Pkwy. to Queens Midtown Tunnel	8,988	70,916	112,400,000
17	21	I-5	Seattle	WA	I-90 to 85th St. and SR 18 to Port of Tacoma Rd.	6,876	69,732	62,500,000
18	14	I-5	Los Angeles	CA	SR-134 Ventura Fwy. to I-605	7,097	68,560	123,200,000
19	20	I-76	Philadelphia	PA	University Ave. to US-1	4,605	67,019	37,500,000
20	19	I-87	New York	NY	I-278 to 230th St.	4,900	64,891	25,100,000
21	27	I-105	Los Angeles	CA	I-405 to Long Beach Blvd.	7,397	64,807	56,800,000
22	22	I-75 I-85	Atlanta	GA	I-20 to I-75/I-85 split	7,355	63,432	19,300,000
23	34	I-10	New Orleans	LA	I-610 to Pontchartrain Expy.	14,179	61,114	73,000,000
24	73	I-10	Lake Charles	LA	At I-210	14,179	61,114	31,500,000
25	26	I-210	Los Angeles	CA	SR-39/164 Azusa Ave. to SR-19 Rosemead Blvd.	10,007	60,414	67,600,000
26	18	I-10	Baton Rouge	LA	I-110 to SR-1	10,718	57,724	33,800,000
27	32	I-25	Denver	CO	I-70 to University Blvd.	7,030	55,696	54,200,000
28	29	I-5	Portland	OR	Columbia River to Terwilliger Blvd.	7,988	55,154	53,100,000
29	31	I-55	Chicago	IL	I-94 to SR-171	7,376	53,860	58,300,000
30	37	I-285	Atlanta	GA	East/SR-400 to US-78 and West/I-20 to Northside Dr.	11,855	53,821	137,500,000
31	46	I-495	Washington	MD/ VA	I-66 (VA) to I-95 (MD)	9,544	53,507	93,900,000
32	33	I-70	Denver	CO	I-25 to I-270	5,973	53,461	26,700,000
33	55	I-30	Little Rock	AR	At I-630	19,820	51,924	11,700,000
34	35	I-80	San Francisco	CA	US-101 to Bay Bridge; and at I-580	2,737	51,110	35,200,000
35	39	I-10	Houston	TX	I-69 to I-45	9,085	50,107	53,700,000
36	40	I-270	Denver	CO	I-25 to I-70	5,364	50,104	14,500,000
37	47	I-95	Washington	VA	SR-123 to SR-286	8,092	49,241	49,800,000
38	24	I-110/ CA-110	Los Angeles	CA	I-10 to SR-42 Stauson Ave.	3,890	48,762	23,100,000
39	36	I-10	Phoenix	AZ	At I-17 from 51st Ave. to SR-143	11,718	48,254	91,200,000
40	45	I-15	Riverside	CA	At SR-91	5,267	48,175	18,600,000
41	30	I-15	Salt Lake City	UT	At I-215 (SR-173 to SR 48)	32,835	47,435	62,139,000
42	44	I-15	Los Angeles	CA	At I-10	9,099	47,170	12,700,000
43	59	I-80/ I-94	Chicago	IL	I-294 to I-94	20,900	46,615	9,100,000
44	50	I-695	Baltimore	MD	I-95 to I-795	10,497	46,428	45,400,000
45	57	I-71/ I-75	Cincinnati	KY/ OH	I-275 to Western Hills	15,297	44,603	18,300,000
46	81	I-90	Chicago	IL	I-90/94 to I-294	3,595	43,345	32,300,000
47	51	I-64	St. Louis	MO	Market St. to I-70 (over Mississippi River)	9,240	42,771	9,100,000
48	28	I-294	Chicago	IL	At I-290 and at I-90	9,449	42,295	40,900,000
49	61	I-405	Seattle	WA	I-90 to SR-520	4,796	40,760	12,800,000
50	127	I-75	Chattanooga	TN	At I-24	11,798	40,747	6,000,000
51	65	I-676	Philadelphia	PA	I-76 to I-95	3,695	40,448	7,300,000
52	56	I-238	San Francisco	CA	I-880 to I-580	9,026	40,088	4,600,000
53	64	I-35	San Antonio	TX	At I-10	13,515	39,338	24,300,000
54	53	I-494	Minneapolis	MN	SR-77 to W Bush Lake Rd.	6,142	38,514	9,000,000
55	58	I-85	Atlanta	GA	I-75 to SR 13/141 and I 285 to SR-378	8,539	37,663	35,700,000
56	48	I-35E	Dallas	TX	I-30 to Market Center Blvd.	7,786	37,601	24,900,000
57	54	I-635	Dallas	TX	I-35 to SR-78	10,114	37,059	61,400,000
58	42	I-95	Baltimore	MD	I-395 to I-895	9,481	36,203	34,900,000
59	79	I-95	Philadelphia	PA	At I-676	5,085	35,789	11,900,000
60	67	I-270	St. Louis	MO	I-64 to SR 100	17,600	35,500	28,200,000
61	63	I-215	Riverside	CA	I-10 to SR-80	7,241	35,057	35,300,000
62	38	I-75	Cincinnati	OH	SR-562 to SR-126	11,175	34,492	29,500,000
63	52	I-94	Chicago	IL	I-90/94 to US-14	8,000	33,752	12,900,000
64	74	I-880	San Francisco	CA	At I-980 and at US 101	6,035	32,983	55,800,000
65	70	I-24	Chattanooga	TN	I-75 to US-41	11,133	32,057	18,500,000
66	100	I-40	Albuquerque	NM	At I-25	14,443	31,823	9,700,000
67	72	I-805	San Diego	CA	SR-52 to SR-163	6,210	31,791	13,900,000
68	60	I-30	Dallas	TX	I-35 to Grand Ave.	9,311	31,390	14,300,000
69	84	I-376	Pittsburgh	PA	Fort Pitt Bridge to Squirrel Hill	2,591	31,346	2,800,000
70	78	I-10	Riverside	CA	At I-215	11,505	31,196	17,300,000
71	75	I-84	Hartford	CT	SR-2 to Prospect Ave.	5,792	29,849	7,700,000
72	73	I-405	Portland	OR	I-5 to US-26	4,297	29,467	1,200,000
73	86	I-95	Wilmington	DE	At I-295/I-495	12,139	28,402	2,700,000
74	43	I-94	Minneapolis	MN	SR-280 to Hennepin Ave.	4,350	28,016	4,400,000
75	80	I-205	Portland	OR	At I-84	5,290	27,951	7,100,000
76	82	I-95	Fredericksburg	VA	US-17 to Russell Rd.	9,889	27,933	20,000,000
77	96	I-93	Boston	MA	At I-90 and at SR-3	4,381	27,386	19,600,000
78	85	I-95	Bridgeport	CT	At US-1 in Fairfield and at US-1 in Stamford	5,893	27,289	51,000,000
79	71	I-40	Nashville	TN	I-24 to I-65	5,379	27,148	4,100,000
80	87	I-95	New Haven	CT	I-91 to SR-10	6,047	26,805	2,700,000
81	94	I-78	New York	NJ	US-22 to SR-440	6,083	26,033	6,700,000
82	98	I 35W	Dallas	TX	At I-30	5,426	24,953	11,900,000
83	68	I-15	Ogden	UT	SR-232 to SR-273	10,303	24,114	5,995,000
84	88	I-75	Atlanta	GA	I-85 to Moores Mill Rd.	8,403	23,791	6,300,000
85	—	I-65	Indianapolis	IN	I-70 N to Fall Creek Blvd.	6,901	23,639	1,500,000
86	140	I-20/ I-59	Birmingham	AL	At I-65	7,435	23,124	2,500,000
87	119	I-270	Washington	MD	At I-495	6,801	22,345	26,400,000
88	16	I-15	Las Vegas	NV	I-515 to Tropicana Ave.	6,661	22,146	17,000,000
89	111	I-280	New York	NJ	Garden State Pkwy. to SR-21	4,450	22,029	2,900,000
90	94	I-95	Miami	FL	Florida Turnpike to I-395	4,745	21,894	29,400,000
91	97	I-4	Tampa	FL	At I-275	6,558	21,620	6,900,000
92	110	I-670	Kansas City	MO	At I-70	4,358	21,163	1,200,000
93	89	I-395	Washington	DC/VA	US-50 to VA-236	5,204	21,150	700,000
94	112	I-580	Livermore	CA	I-205 to First St.	7,153	20,960	8,300,000
95	109	I-95	Washington	MD	I-495 to SR-200	10,661	20,807	6,300,000
96	124	I-95	Boston	MA	SR-38 to I-93	4,057	20,726	8,600,000
97	103	I-84	Portland	OR	At I-5	4,543	20,359	3,400,000
98	90	I-65	Nashville	TN	I-40 to I-440	10,952	20,093	13,500,000
99	114	I-40	Knoxville	TN	I-75/I-640 to I-275	8,346	20,059	2,500,000
100	115	I-71	Columbus	OH	At I-670	7,597	19,511	7,300,000

Key: annual average daily traffic (AADT), delay per mile (DPM)

Figure 39 shows the top Interstate bottlenecks in the United States based on freight mobility indicators of annual truck hours of delay per mile from 2019. While the top 100 bottlenecks and congested corridors only make up a little more than one percent of the Interstate System, these locations account for 21 percent of total Interstate System truck delay.

This analysis uses delay per mile for assessing bottlenecks to allow for comparison over the entire Interstate system across all States. Individual State Departments of Transportation (DOTs) and Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPOs) use a range of bottleneck identification methods based on their local traffic characteristics, infrastructure constraints, and impediments to efficient freight movement. A range of methods are used that consider congestion, delay, reliability, and truck-specific restrictions.

Freight Significant Corridors

FHWA has been tracking a set of nationally significant Interstate freight corridors with a Buffer Index (BI) measurement since 2012. To continue this effort, the FMT includes these corridors and five additional corridors important for freight. Figure 40 shows the corridors, and figure 41 shows the corridors with an indication of Truck Vehicle Miles Traveled (TVMT). The TVMT and number of segments per corridor is detailed in table 18.

As a consideration of additional time that drivers need to add to their trip to account for delay and unreliability, the BIs for these corridors range from lower index results for corridors—such as I-10 from Los Angeles, CA, to Tucson, AZ, and I-5/CA 99 from Sacramento, CA, to Los Angeles, CA—to higher BI results on corridors—such as I-45 from Dallas, TX, to Galveston, TX, and I-95 in the Northeast and I-94 from Chicago, IL, to Milwaukee, WI.

Table 18. Freight significant corridor average daily truck vehicle miles traveled (TVMT) (in miles) and number of traffic message channel (TMC) segments from the National Performance Management Research Data Set (NPMRDS) per corridor.

Corridor	Average Daily Truck VMT (miles)	Number of Traffic Message Channel Segments from the NPMRDS Data
I-5/CA 99: Sacramento to Los Angeles	5,533	911
I-5: Medford, OR to Seattle	4,928	676
I-10: Los Angeles to Tucson	6,156	1,020
I-10: Pensacola to I-75	3,063	161
I-10: San Antonio to New Orleans	7,556	962
I-15: Los Angeles to Salt Lake City	5,673	704
I-20: Dallas to Atlanta	5,803	1,147
I-30: Little Rock to Dallas	7,103	739
I-35: Laredo to Oklahoma City	6,189	1,565
I-40: Knoxville to Little Rock	6,964	645
I-40: Oklahoma City to Flagstaff	3,800	1,092
I-40: Raleigh to Asheville	2,489	317
I-45: Dallas to Galveston	5,623	652
I-55/I-39/I-94: St. Louis to Minneapolis	4,707	725
I-57/I-74: I-24 (IL) to I-55 (IL)	3,701	246
I-65/I-24: Chattanooga to Nashville to Chicago	7,706	771
I-70: Kansas City to Columbus	6,532	935
I-71: Louisville to Cleveland	5,565	442
I-75: Lexington to Detroit	7,590	712
I-75: Tampa to Knoxville	6,455	875
I-78/I-76: New York to Pittsburgh	2,861	489
I-80: Chicago to I-76 (CO/NE border)	4,699	807
I-80: Cleveland to Chicago	4,622	80
I-80: New York to Cleveland	5,364	523
I-81: Harrisburg to I-40 (Knoxville)	6,002	583
I-84: Boise to I-86	3,034	139
I-94: Chicago to Detroit	5,118	610
I-94: Chicago to Milwaukee	7,449	414
I-95: Miami to I-26 (SC)	4,415	757
I-95: Richmond to New Haven	6,483	1,180

Table 19 provides the BI for the corridors using an area graph. I-94 from Chicago, IL, to Milwaukee, WI, and I-95 from Richmond, VA, to New Haven, CT, have the highest BI results. Almost all corridors appear to worsen in the fourth quarter of 2019. This is the opposite of national-level findings that show improvements for this quarter.

Table 19. BI Percent for freight significant corridors by quarter.

Corridor	2017 Q1	2017 Q2	2017 Q3	2017 Q4	2018 Q1	2018 Q2	2018 Q3	2018 Q4	2019 Q1	2019 Q2	2019 Q3	2019 Q4
I-5/CA 99: Sacramento Los Angeles	11	10	12	12	11	10	10	13	12	11	11	13
I-5: Medford, OR to Seattle	16	16	17	17	15	16	16	19	16	17	19	20
I-10: Los Angeles to Tucson	13	12	12	15	14	13	13	16	14	13	14	16
I-10: Pensacola to I-75	3	3	3	2	3	3	3	5	6	5	5	7
I-10: San Antonio to New Orleans	13	13	16	15	17	15	14	16	17	16	16	17
I-15: Los Angeles to Salt Lake City	7	5	5	6	6	6	5	7	8	7	7	11
I-20: Dallas to Atlanta	4	4	5	5	5	5	5	7	5	6	6	7
I-30: Little Rock to Dallas	11	12	10	13	13	12	11	14	13	13	13	15
I-35: Laredo to Oklahoma City	15	15	13	15	15	14	13	18	17	18	16	20
I-40: Knoxville to Little Rock	6	7	7	8	10	9	7	9	8	9	8	9
I-40: Oklahoma City to Flagstaff	3	2	2	2	3	2	2	5	5	3	3	6
I-40: Raleigh to Asheville	6	9	9	10	7	11	7	10	7	12	13	15
I-45: Dallas to Galveston	14	13	15	15	15	15	14	16	15	14	15	15
I-55/I-39/I-94: St. Louis to Minneapolis	4	4	4	4	6	5	5	6	9	6	6	8
I-57/I-74: I-24 (IL) to I-55 (IL)	2	8	6	5	3	3	2	3	4	4	3	5
I-65/I-24: Chattanooga to Nashville to Chicago	8	9	9	10	11	10	10	12	11	10	11	12
I-70: Kansas City to Columbus	4	6	6	5	6	5	5	6	6	6	7	8
I-71: Louisville to Cleveland	9	11	11	10	12	11	12	14	11	12	13	13
I-75: Lexington to Detroit	9	11	11	11	13	12	11	13	11	13	14	15
I-75: Tampa to Knoxville	7	8	11	9	8	9	7	11	9	9	9	10
I-78/I-76: New York to Pittsburgh	8	9	9	8	9	8	9	11	9	8	9	10
I-80: Chicago to I-76 (CO/ NE border)	4	3	3	3	6	3	3	5	9	5	5	6
I-80: Cleveland to Chicago	4	5	4	5	8	3	2	4	6	3	2	4
I-80: New York to Cleveland	7	6	8	7	9	8	9	9	8	9	9	9
I-81: Harrisburg to I-40 (Knoxville)	3	6	6	6	5	7	7	10	5	7	7	6
I-84: Boise to I-86	14	2	3	3	4	3	3	4	5	3	4	7
I-94: Chicago to Detroit	14	18	14	16	16	15	13	14	18	16	15	17
I-95: Miami to I-26 (SC)	11	9	12	12	12	10	9	12	12	10	12	13
I-95: Richmond to New Haven	27	33	30	34	29	34	31	36	28	36	33	37
I-94: Chicago to Milwaukee	37	51	46	45	42	46	51	44	35	43	40	36

To assess the corridors with a different lens, Table 20 shows the same corridors measured with the TRI. The results are similar to those for the corridors of I-94 from Chicago, IL, to Milwaukee, WI, and I 95 from Richmond, VA, to New Haven, CT, but are less reliable than the others. However, the fluctuation from quarter to quarter appears less pronounced.

Table 20. Truck Reliability Index for freight significant corridors by quarter.

Corridor	2017 Q1	2017 Q2	2017 Q3	2017 Q4	2018 Q1	2018 Q2	2018 Q3	2018 Q4	2019 Q1	2019 Q2	2019 Q3	2019 Q4
I-5/CA 99: Sacramento to Los Angeles	1.12	1.11	1.12	1.13	1.12	1.11	1.11	1.13	1.13	1.12	1.12	1.12
I-5: Medford, OR to Seattle	1.18	1.19	1.20	1.20	1.17	1.19	1.19	1.21	1.18	1.19	1.21	1.20
I-10: Los Angeles to Tucson	1.15	1.14	1.15	1.18	1.16	1.15	1.15	1.18	1.17	1.15	1.16	1.19
I-10: Pensacola to I-75	1.03	1.03	1.03	1.02	1.03	1.03	1.03	1.04	1.06	1.05	1.04	1.03
I-10: San Antonio to New Orleans	1.16	1.16	1.17	1.18	1.19	1.18	1.16	1.18	1.19	1.18	1.18	1.18
I-15: Los Angeles to Salt Lake City	1.07	1.06	1.06	1.06	1.06	1.07	1.06	1.07	1.08	1.07	1.07	1.09
I-20: Dallas to Atlanta	1.05	1.05	1.06	1.06	1.06	1.06	1.06	1.07	1.05	1.06	1.06	1.05
I-30: Little Rock to Dallas	1.14	1.14	1.12	1.15	1.16	1.15	1.13	1.16	1.15	1.15	1.15	1.17
I-35: Laredo to Oklahoma City	1.17	1.18	1.15	1.17	1.18	1.16	1.16	1.21	1.19	1.20	1.18	1.21
I-40: Knoxville to Little Rock	1.07	1.08	1.09	1.09	1.12	1.10	1.08	1.10	1.09	1.10	1.09	1.11
I-40: Oklahoma City to Flagstaff	1.04	1.02	1.02	1.02	1.03	1.02	1.02	1.06	1.05	1.03	1.03	1.05
I-40: Raleigh to Asheville	1.06	1.10	1.10	1.11	1.07	1.12	1.07	1.10	1.07	1.12	1.13	1.11
I-45: Dallas to Galveston	1.16	1.14	1.15	1.16	1.16	1.17	1.15	1.17	1.15	1.16	1.16	1.14
I-55/I-39/I-94: St. Louis to Minneapolis	1.05	1.05	1.04	1.05	1.06	1.05	1.06	1.06	1.10	1.07	1.05	1.06
I-57/I-74: I-24 (IL) to I-55 (IL)	1.02	1.09	1.07	1.05	1.04	1.03	1.02	1.03	1.04	1.04	1.03	1.04
I-65/I-24: Chattanooga to Nashville to Chicago	1.10	1.11	1.11	1.12	1.14	1.12	1.10	1.13	1.12	1.11	1.12	1.13
I-70: Kansas City to Columbus	1.05	1.07	1.07	1.06	1.07	1.06	1.06	1.07	1.06	1.07	1.08	1.09
I-71: Louisville to Cleveland	1.10	1.13	1.14	1.12	1.14	1.13	1.14	1.15	1.12	1.14	1.15	1.14
I-75: Lexington to Detroit	1.10	1.11	1.11	1.11	1.13	1.13	1.11	1.15	1.12	1.14	1.15	1.15
I-75: Tampa to Knoxville	1.09	1.10	1.13	1.11	1.10	1.10	1.08	1.12	1.11	1.11	1.08	1.10
I-78/I-76: New York to Pittsburgh	1.09	1.10	1.10	1.10	1.11	1.09	1.11	1.13	1.10	1.10	1.10	1.11
I-80: Chicago to I-76 (CO/ NE border)	1.04	1.03	1.03	1.03	1.08	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.09	1.05	1.05	1.05
I-80: Cleveland to Chicago	1.05	1.05	1.04	1.05	1.10	1.03	1.02	1.04	1.07	1.03	1.02	1.04
I-80: New York to Cleveland	1.09	1.07	1.10	1.09	1.11	1.10	1.11	1.09	1.08	1.10	1.09	1.09
I-81: Harrisburg to I-40 (Knoxville)	1.04	1.08	1.08	1.07	1.06	1.08	1.09	1.11	1.06	1.08	1.07	1.06
I-84: Boise to I-86	1.15	1.02	1.04	1.03	1.04	1.03	1.03	1.03	1.05	1.03	1.03	1.04
I-94: Chicago to Detroit	1.16	1.22	1.17	1.19	1.19	1.18	1.16	1.16	1.20	1.18	1.15	1.16
I-95: Miami to I-26 (SC)	1.12	1.10	1.13	1.14	1.15	1.12	1.10	1.13	1.13	1.11	1.12	1.12
I-95: Richmond to New Haven	1.31	1.38	1.35	1.40	1.34	1.39	1.36	1.43	1.32	1.41	1.37	1.43
I-94: Chicago to Milwaukee	1.47	1.65	1.58	1.56	1.52	1.58	1.62	1.54	1.40	1.52	1.49	1.41

Freight Facility Locations

This section focuses on the performance of the National Highway System (NHS) surrounding airports, rail intermodal facilities, ports, and borders. The focus is not on the mobility of the actual facilities but the NHS roadways surrounding the facilities. Mobility trends are shown first by comparing the facilities and then are detailed for the specific type of facility.

By evaluating the performance of the highways accessing the freight facilities in terms of delay per mile, border areas have the lowest delay, while airports, ports, and rail intermodal facilities experience much higher delay (figure 42).

Figure 43 shows the Travel Time Index (TTI), Planning Time Index (PTI), and Truck Reliability Index (TRI) for the areas surrounding airports, border areas, rail intermodal facilities, and ports. Ports and airports have the highest PTI, closely followed by border areas. Airports, ports, and border areas are higher on the three indicators than rail intermodal facilities. This may be due in part to some rail intermodal facilities being located outside major urban areas, whereas ports and airports in the FMT are largely in urban areas with urban roadways. Border areas may reflect the delays as a result of border crossing and related traffic at those locations.

Overall, NHS routes accessing ports and airports exhibit higher challenges for reliability, mobility, and delay than border areas and intermodal facilities. This may be the result of the high level of activities at these locations and the constant streams of truck traffic. Airport access may also be impacted by the challenges of mixed passenger and freight traffic.

Airports

Table 21 shows the performance of NHS routes around airports included in the FMT. Appendix A provides airport code definitions. No data for Hawaii airports are available for 2019.

Table 21. The 10 highest airport area results for the Freight Mobility Trends performance indicators in 2019.
Note: Airport areas highest in most of the indicators are colored orange and have bold font.

Airport	DPM (Hours/ Mile)	Airport	Total Delay (Annual Truck Hours)	Airport	TTI	Airport	PTI	Airport	TRI	Airport	BI Percent
ONT	21,677	MIA	1,916,376	JFK	1.71	LAX	3.89	PHX	2.03	LAX	118
PHX	20,075	ORD	1,849,221	LAX	1.67	JFK	3.75	MIA	1.74	MIA	112
LAX	14,019	ONT	1,568,160	MIA	1.65	MIA	3.6	SEA	1.56	PHX	112
JFK	12,955	JFK	1,482,231	ANC	1.45	PHX	2.99	LAX	1.54	JFK	111
MIA	12,070	LAX	1,187,584	EWR	1.36	IAH	2.82	OAK	1.52	IAH	83
ORD	11,895	EWR	1,157,682	IAH	1.34	ANC	2.46	ONT	1.46	OAK	80
OAK	8,736	PHX	1,134,501	PHX	1.34	OAK	2.45	ORD	1.41	SEA	70
ATL	8,735	ATL	960,651	OAK	1.32	EWR	2.39	JFK	1.41	EWR	67
SEA	6,085	SEA	720,996	ORD	1.30	SEA	2.22	ANC	1.40	ONT	67
MEM	5,767	OAK	529,033	SEA	1.26	SEA	1.26	EWR	1.39	ANC	65

Key: delay per mile (DPM), travel time index (TTI), planning time index (PTI), truck reliability index (TRI), buffer index (BI). airports: Memphis International (MEM); Ted Stevens Anchorage International (ANC); Louisville International–Standiford Field (SDF); Miami International (MIA); Indianapolis International (IND); Chicago O’Hare International (ORD); Los Angeles International (LAX); John F. Kennedy International (JFK); Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International (CVG); Dallas/Fort Worth International (DFW); Newark Liberty International (EWR); Metropolitan Oakland International (OAK); Ontario International (ONT); Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International (ATL); Honolulu International (HNL); Philadelphia International (PHL); George Bush Intercontinental/Houston (IAH); Phoenix Sky International (PHX); Seattle-Tacoma International (SEA); Denver International (DEN)

Airports such as Los Angeles, CA (LAX), New York/Kennedy (JFK), Miami, FL (MIA), Phoenix, AZ (PHX), Oakland, CA (OAK), and Seattle, WA (SEA), are in the highest 10 for all indicators for surrounding highways accessing the airport.

Figure 44 shows the delay magnitude or total delay quarterly for highways accessing the airports in order from lowest to highest delay per mile. The airports with high delay per mile follow the same trend as national delay per mile results, with an increase in the second quarter each year and downturn in the fourth quarter of 2019. This pattern is observed in most of the airports except those with the lowest delay per mile such as Philadelphia (PHL), Denver (DEN), and Anchorage (ANC).

Table 22 provides the delay per mile by quarter for each airport area as shown in figure 44.

Table 22. Airport access delay per mile by quarter.

Airport Area	2017 Q1	2017 Q2	2017 Q3	2017 Q4	2018 Q1	2018 Q2	2018 Q3	2018 Q4	2019 Q1	2019 Q2	2019 Q3	2019 Q4
ANC	479	462	505	453	470	522	585	480	324	355	457	430
ATL	1,542	1,778	1,831	1,741	1,956	2,818	2,160	2,274	2,429	2,736	2,339	1,851
CVG	914	1,318	1,261	992	1,010	1,260	1,571	1,439	1,292	1,962	2,391	989
DEN	541	643	663	616	572	581	560	574	677	730	676	635
DFW	1,041	1,237	1,175	1,193	1,094	1,285	1,176	1,243	1,537	1,791	1,257	724
EWR	1,291	1,606	1,552	1,664	1,343	1,655	1,400	1,605	1,379	1,821	1,719	1,403
HNL	1,319	1,641	1,707	1,664	1,929	2,106	1,952	1,913
IAH	705	722	751	739	930	1,186	912	1,026	1,797	2,036	1,763	633
IND	661	792	783	758	826	927	1,075	889	1,679	1,995	2,190	924
JFK	2,327	3,132	2,969	2,971	2,856	3,571	3,209	3,376	2,215	3,681	2,810	2,401
LAX	3,093	3,581	3,403	3,281	3,618	4,337	4,048	3,989	3,599	4,011	4,997	4,149
MEM	1,277	1,465	1,428	1,460	1,325	1,513	1,457	1,437	1,598	1,854	1,796	1,436
MIA	3,227	3,397	3,333	3,595	2,956	3,256	3,043	3,194	3,156	3,544	3,552	3,104
OAK	2,181	2,335	2,077	2,256	2,024	2,253	2,224	2,336	2,218	2,380	2,327	2,019
ONT	4,231	4,523	4,673	5,091	4,371	5,004	5,044	5,462	5,164	5,668	4,404	3,853
ORD	2,089	3,391	3,208	2,791	2,486	3,728	4,158	3,219	2,449	3,643	3,550	2,687
PHL	643	903	883	875	831	1,010	928	885	803	1,022	1,079	872
PHX	4,019	3,192	3,079	3,619	5,347	4,414	4,066	5,113	6,233	5,540	2,366	2,393
SDF	974	1,081	1,141	1,104	1,099	1,279	1,241	1,274	1,335	1,583	1,433	1,121
SEA	1,394	1,616	1,688	1,708	1,994	2,234	2,123	1,764	1,468	1,653	1,804	1,581

Key for Airports: Memphis International (MEM); Ted Stevens Anchorage International (ANC); Louisville International–Standiford Field (SDF); Miami International (MIA); Indianapolis International (IND); Chicago O’Hare International (ORD); Los Angeles International (LAX); John F. Kennedy International (JFK); Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International (CVG); Dallas/Fort Worth International (DFW); Newark Liberty International (EWR); Metropolitan Oakland International (OAK); Ontario International (ONT); Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International (ATL); Honolulu International (HNL); Philadelphia International (PHL); George Bush Intercontinental/Houston (IAH); Phoenix Sky International (PHX); Seattle-Tacoma International (SEA); Denver International (DEN)

Figure 45 shows airport area delay per mile for 2019. The larger circle sizes reflect the airports listed for delay per mile in table 21. The actual 2019 delay per mile for all airports in figure 45 is in table 23.

Table 23. Airport area access delay per mile for 2019.

Airport Area	2019 Delay per Mile
Ted Stevens Anchorage International (ANC)	2,496
Hartsfield -Jackson Atlanta International (ATL)	8,735
Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International (CVG)	5,525
Denver International (DEN)	2,589
Dallas/Fort Worth International (DFW)	4,300
Newark Liberty International (EWR)	5,639
George Bush Intercontinental/Houston (IAH)	3,395
Indianapolis International (IND)	4,019
John F. Kennedy International (JFK)	12,955
Los Angeles International (LAX)	14,019
Memphis International (MEM)	5,767
Miami International (MIA)	12,070
Metropolitan Oakland International (OAK)	8,736
Ontario International (ONT)	21,677
Chicago O’Hare International (ORD)	11,895
Philadelphia International (PHL)	3,012
Phoenix Sky International (PHX)	20,075
Louisville International–Standiford Field (SDF)	4,724
Seattle-Tacoma International (SEA)	6,085

Figure 46 shows the airports where access improved or worsened from 2017 to 2018 and 2018 to 2019 based on delay per mile. Honolulu, HI, is not accurate due to no truck data being available in 2019. However, access to airports like Anchorage, AK, Houston, TX, Chicago, IL, and Los Angeles, CA, improved in 2019, while other airports such as Denver, CO, and Ontario, CA, worsened.

Rail Intermodal Facilities

Table 24 shows the performance of rail intermodal facilities included in the FMT. Appendix A provides definitions of the rail intermodal locations.

A number of facilities score highest for all indicators. These locations are areas with heavy freight activity and multimodal connections. For example, locations such as Chicago, IL, Houston, TX, Atlanta, GA, New Orleans, LA, Cincinnati, OH, and Fort Worth, TX, are major intermodal connections and hubs.

Table 24. The 10 highest rail intermodal area results for the Freight Mobility Trends performance indicators in 2019.
Note: Rail intermodal areas highest in most of the indicators are colored orange and have bold font.

Rail Intermodal	DPM (Hours/ Mile)	Rail Intermodal	Total Delay (Annual Truck Hours)	Rail Intermodal	TTI	Rail Intermodal	PTI	Rail Intermodal	TRI	Rail Intermodal	BI Percent
Chicago, IL	13,807	Chicago, IL	2,326,172	Denver, CO	1.37	Atlanta, GA	2.56	Atlanta, GA	1.59	Atlanta, GA	81
Houston, TX	12,763	Denver, CO	1,831,769	Atlanta, GA	1.36	Denver, CO	2.51	Cincinnati, OH	1.56	Denver, CO	76
Atlanta, GA	12,379	Atlanta, GA	1,619,883	Chicago, IL	1.34	Chicago, IL	2.41	New Orleans, LA	1.48	Chicago, IL	71
Denver, CO	10,732	Houston, TX	1,092,608	Conway, PA	1.30	Cincinnati, OH	2.28	Chicago, IL	1.47	Cincinnati, OH	68
Memphis, TN	6,559	Cincinnati, OH	990,138	Cincinnati, OH	1.29	New Orleans, LA	2.17	Denver, CO	1.46	New Orleans, LA	61
New Orleans, LA	6,131	Kansas City, MO	637,408	New Orleans, LA	1.28	Houston, TX	2.10	Houston, TX	1.44	Houston, TX	57
Cincinnati, OH	5,594	Fort Worth, TX	573,588	Houston, TX	1.24	Conway, PA	1.97	Jacksonville, FL	1.34	Conway, PA	46
Fort Worth, TX	4,987	New Orleans, LA	569,098	Fort Worth, TX	1.22	Fort Worth, TX	1.82	Fort Worth, TX	1.28	FortWorth, TX	41
Kansas City, MO	4,490	North Little Rock, AR	565,702	Memphis, TN	1.19	Jacksonville, FL	1.73	Conway, PA	1.26	Jacksonville, FL	39
North Little Rock, AR	3,969	Memphis, TN	447,040	Jacksonville, FL	1.19	Kansas City, MO	1.72	Kansas City, MO	1.26	Kansas City, MO	33

Key: delay per mile (DPM), travel time index (TTI), planning time index (PTI), truck reliability index (TRI), buffer index (BI)

Figure 46 illustrates the delay per mile performance by quarter for access to rail intermodal facilities in ascending order from lowest to highest delay per mile. Like national delay per mile results, most of the facilities except those with the lowest delay per mile exhibit a similar trend of increases in delay per mile in the second quarter of each year. Additionally, the decreases in quarter four of 2019 are sharp for most of the facilities.

Table 25 provides the quarterly delay per mile for each rail intermodal facility area as shown in figure 47.

Table 25. Rail intermodal facility area access delay per mile by quarter.

Rail Intermodal Area	2017 Q1	2017 Q2	2017 Q3	2017 Q4	2018 Q1	2018 Q2	2018 Q3	2018 Q4	2019 Q1	2019 Q2	2019 Q3	2019 Q4
Atlanta, GA	4,194	5,214	4,932	4,843	3,067	3,909	3,478	3,327	2,791	3,435	2,580	2,453
Barstow, CA	348	333	326	335	312	336	338	381	489	597	391	254
Birmingham, AL	464	500	469	446	389	465	467	596	491	539	495	468
Chicago, IL	2,660	4,160	4,133	3,494	3,067	4,367	4,712	3,777	2,803	4,117	4,283	3,329
Cincinnati, OH	1,233	1,829	2,355	1,343	1,120	1,465	1,398	1,322	1,381	1,845	1,727	1,290
Columbus, OH	786	991	1,119	1,144	1,177	1,179	1,135	1,085	969	1,277	997	688
Conway, PA	250	342	360	332	253	325	290	304	283	337	279	237
Denver, CO	2,185	2,860	2,780	2,464	2,378	2,833	2,900	2,503	2,836	3,339	3,364	2,615
Elkhart, IN	403	525	413	417	563	682	794	658	560	674	265	132
Fort Worth, TX	1,279	1,378	1,382	1,367	1,402	1,498	1,177	1,230	1,900	2,139	1,782	1,111
Houston, TX	2,709	2,900	2,895	2,967	3,028	3,466	3,162	3,494	4,189	4,563	4,135	2,774
Jacksonville, FL	902	990	994	1,053	932	1,026	980	958	930	1,003	1,026	879
Kansas City, MO	768	1,021	1,089	941	876	1,274	1,248	1,239	1,418	1,699	1,668	1,027
Laredo, TX	199	220	227	229	263	288	318	331	539	582	1,654	891
Memphis, TN	1,321	1,470	1,513	1,539	1,493	1,698	1,661	1,696	1,722	1,969	1,960	1,668
New Orleans, LA	1,366	1,445	1,461	1,466	1,392	1,469	1,515	1,539	1,642	1,718	1,651	1,534
North Little Rock, AR	997	1,005	870	882	942	952	866	1,056	1,479	1,726	1,606	996
North Platte, NE	127	127	123	123	109	124	131	133	112	108	86	89
Roanoke, VA	443	548	546	534	410	558	537	259	444	531	569	493
Shreveport, LA	597	633	685	654	700	681	725	605	528	624	664	474

Figure 48 shows the delay per mile for access to rail intermodal facilities, with larger circles relating to larger delay per mile. The actual delay per mile for 2019 for each rail intermodal facility is in table 26.

Table 26. Rail intermodal area access delay per mile for 2019.

Rail Intermodal Location	State	2019 Delay Per Mile
Atlanta	GA	12,379
Barstow	CA	1,418
Irondale	AL	1,826
Northlake	IL	13,807
Cincinnati	OH	5,594
Columbus	OH	3,671
Conway	PA	1,101
Denver	CO	10,732
Elkhart	IN	2,278
Haslet	TX	4,987
Houston	TX	12,763
Jacksonville	TX	3,571
Kansas City	MO	4,490
Laredo	TX	1,241
Memphis	TN	6,559
New Orleans	LA	6,131
North Little Rock	AR	3,969
North Platte	NE	466
Roanoke	VA	1,958

Figure 49 shows the percent change for rail intermodal facilities from 2017 to 2018 and 2018 to 2019 based on delay per mile on surrounding NHS routes. Locations such as Shreveport, LA, Elkhart, IN, Jacksonville, FL, and Atlanta, GA, show improvements in 2019, while areas such as Cincinnati, OH, Laredo, TX, and New Orleans, LA, do not.

Ports

Table 27 shows port performance for the FMT indicators. Appendix A provides port definitions. Truck data for Hawaii ports do not exist for 2019.

Performance at major ports such as New York–New Jersey, Oakland, CA, Seattle, WA, Tacoma, WA, New Orleans, LA, and Miami, FL, score highest in the indicators.

Table 27. The 10 highest port area results for the Freight Mobility Trends performance indicators in 2019.
Note: Port areas highest in most of the indicators are colored orange and have bold font.

Port	DPM (Hours/ Mile)	Port	Total Delay (Annual Truck Hours)	Port	TTI	Port	PTI	Port	TRI	Port	BI Percent
New York–New Jersey	20,292	New York–New Jersey	1,899,634	New York–New Jersey	1.79	New York–New Jersey	4.39	Oakland, CA	1.74	New York–New Jersey	130
Oakland, CA	16,728	Houston, TX	1,639,442	Miami, FL	1.64	Miami, FL	3.67	Miami, FL	1.67	Miami, FL	119
Houston, TX	15,488	Baltimore, MD	1,446,424	New Orleans, LA	1.49	Oakland, CA	3.21	New York–New Jersey	1.63	Oakland, CA	100
Tacoma, WA	10,090	Oakland, CA	1,253,834	Oakland, CA	1.47	New Orleans, LA	2.89	Baltimore, MD	1.56	Tacoma, WA	84
Seattle, WA	9,843	Baton Rouge, LA	1,099,556	Seattle, WA	1.45	Seattle, WA	2.88	Tampa, FL	1.55	Seattle, WA	84
Long Beach, CA	9,634	Cincinnati, OH	949,034	Pittsburgh, PA	1.42	Tacoma, WA	2.79	Pittsburgh, PA	1.52	New Orleans, LA	86
New Orleans, LA	9,542	Tacoma, WA	911,249	Tacoma, WA	1.42	Pittsburgh, PA	2.75	Chicago, IL	1.51	Pittsburgh, PA	80
Los Angeles, CA	8,448	New Orleans, LA	858,402	Los Angeles, CA	1.39	Tampa, FL	2.51	New Orleans, LA	1.51	Tampa, FL	76
Baton Rouge, LA	7,759	Seattle, WA	700,267	Tampa	1.35	Los Angeles, CA	2.47	Cincinnati, OH	1.47	Los Angeles, CA	74
Miami, FL	7,423	Tampa, FL	700,115	Savannah, GA	1.35	Virginia	2.42	Seattle, WA	1.46	Chicago, IL	73

Key: delay per mile (DPM), travel time index (TTI), planning time index (PTI), truck reliability index (TRI), buffer index (BI)

Similar to national results, port areas follow the same trend for delay per mile on surrounding NHS routes (figure 50). Most ports have increases in the second quarter and downturns in the fourth quarter of 2019. Table 28 provides the quarterly delay per mile for port areas as shown in figure 50.

Table 28. Port area access delay per mile by quarter.

Port Area	2017 Q1	2017 Q2	2017 Q3	2017 Q4	2018 Q1	2018 Q2	2018 Q3	2018 Q4	2019 Q1	2019 Q2	2019 Q3	2019 Q4
Baltimore	1,206	1,616	1,510	1,456	1,387	1,809	1,570	1,681	1,857	2,377	2,172	1,634
Baton Rouge	2,261	2,508	2,405	2,305	1,846	2,172	1,920	2,060	2,223	2,225	2,029	1,899
Chicago	1,333	1,561	1,468	1,601	1,588	1,733	1,736	1,834	1,712	2,247	1,548	1,417
Cincinnati	1,168	1,751	2,254	1,229	1,084	1,430	1,412	1,322	1,288	1,755	1,728	1,293
Corpus Christi	305	331	362	371	340	379	402	395	683	800	426	165
Duluth	253	364	372	355	308	327	355	322	285	290	233	220
Honolulu	1,042	1,377	1,385	1,329	1,748	1,577	1,693	1,603
Houston	3,457	3,739	3,755	4,028	3,980	4,494	3,993	4,116	4,876	5,170	4,715	3,279
Huntington Tri-State	305	342	323	309	331	357	367	378	283	404	283	245
Jacksonville	874	915	872	922	791	894	822	827	824	901	935	785
Long Beach	2,404	2,440	2,815	2,833	2,469	2,319	2,428	2,476	2,476	2,529	2,360	1,859
Los Angeles	1,985	1,991	1,914	1,900	1,934	2,035	2,038	2,402	2,021	2,231	1,765	1,622
Miami	2,306	2,213	2,173	2,298	2,044	1,969	1,753	1,978	2,072	2,207	1,505	1,404
Mobile	551	718	778	493	491	689	755	513	577	779	717	412
New Orleans	1,883	1,855	1,870	1,866	2,997	2,745	2,622	2,801	3,153	2,828	2,952	2,431
New York New Jersey	4,618	6,356	5,486	5,497	4,713	5,767	5,089	5,592	4,231	6,000	5,352	4,989
Oakland	3,391	4,022	3,775	3,753	3,774	4,562	4,417	4,345	5,126	6,265	4,668	3,294
Pittsburg	858	1,260	1,171	1,087	1,042	1,331	1,363	1,269	1,032	1,313	1,238	1,002
Savannah	633	708	714	703	610	645	618	596	600	670	666	606
Seattle	2,440	2,735	2,732	2,608	2,293	2,902	2,854	2,505	2,395	2,644	2,887	2,513
South Louisiana	542	547	550	528	501	530	555	531	476	556	596	593
St. Louis	822	1,618	1,357	974	1,018	1,218	1,137	1,142	923	1,306	1,066	895
Tacoma	1,827	2,504	2,581	2,244	1,972	2,543	2,805	2,367	2,101	3,068	3,291	2,250
Tampa	1,230	1,314	1,301	1,297	1,381	1,464	1,459	1,340	1,434	1,488	1,545	1,291
Virginia	576	834	796	599	645	767	750	388	747	1,049	1,062	650

Figure 51 shows the delay per mile for areas surrounding ports, with larger circles representing higher delay per mile. The 2019 delay per mile results for each port area are in table 29.

Table 29. Port area access delay per mile in 2019.
Note: Hawaii data are not available for 2019.

Location	State	2019 Delay Per Mile
New York New Jersey	NJ	20,292
Miami	FL	7,423
Oakland	CA	16,728
Tacoma	WA	10,090
Seattle	WA	9,843
New Orleans	LA	9,542
Pittsburg	PA	4,400
Tampa	FL	5,067
Los Angeles	CA	8,448
Chicago	IL	7,055
Baltimore	MD	6,908
Virginia	VA	2,783
Long Beach	CA	9,634
Cincinnati	OH	5,289
Houston	TX	15,488
Savannah	GA	2,489
Baton Rouge	LA	7,759
Jacksonville	FL	3,126
Duluth	MN	1,035
Mobile	AL	2,440
St. Louis	MO	3,664
Huntington Tri-State	WV	1,176
Corpus Christi	TX	1,335
South Louisiana	LA	2,252
Honolulu	HI	0

Figure 52 shows the access to port areas that improved or worsened from 2017 to 2018 and 2018 to 2019 based on delay per mile. Ports that showed access improvements for 2019 are Duluth, MN, Huntington (WV) Tri-State, New Orleans, LA, Saint Louis, MO, and Pittsburgh, PA. Those with noticeable worsening include Baltimore, MD, Chicago, IL, and South Louisiana, LA.

Border Areas

Table 30 shows border areas scoring highest for the FMT indicators. Only Hidalgo, TX, and Calexico, CA, are in the highest group for all indicators. Laredo, TX, is in the ten highest for five of the six indicators.

Table 30. The 10 highest border area results for the Freight Mobility Trends performance indicators in 2019.
Note: Border areas highest in most of the indicators are colored orange and have bold font.

Border Area	DPM (Hours/ Mile)	BorderArea	Total Delay (Annual Truck Hours)	Border Area	TTI	Border Area	PTI	Border Area	TRI	Border Area	BI Percent
Laredo, TX	4,669	Detroit, MI	473,072	Calexico, CA	1.69	Portal, ND	3.99	Highgate Springs, VT	2.05	Portal, ND	136
Detroit, MI	3,628	Laredo, TX	262,160	Portal, ND	1.69	Calexico, CA	3.54	Portal, ND	1.88	Calexico, CA	99
El Paso, TX	3,114	El Paso, TX	233,918	Hidalgo, TX	1.51	Hidalgo, TX	2.94	Jackman, ME	1.62	Hidalgo, TX	96
Hidalgo, TX	2,586	Buffalo, NY	232,777	Alexandria Bay, NY	1.48	Alexandria Bay, NY	2.54	Calais, ME	1.61	Eastport, ID	69
Port Huron, MI	2,550	Otay Mesa, CA	141,791	Laredo, TX	1.44	Derby Line, VT	2.41	Derby Line, VT	1.56	Derby Line, VT	69
Otay Mesa, CA	2,490	Hidalgo, TX	102,247	Jackman, ME	1.43	Laredo, TX	2.41	Hidalgo, TX	1.54	Calais, ME	66
Calexico, CA	2,324	Port Huron, MI	98,405	Madawaska, ME	1.37	Jackman, ME	2.37	Calexico, CA	1.50	Jackman, ME	66
Blaine, WA	2,269	Calexico, CA	92,981	Eastport, ID	1.37	Eastport, ID	2.33	Eastport, ID	1.49	Laredo, TX	66
Buffalo, NY	1,900	Houlton, MI	59,041	Derby Line, VT	1.36	Calais, ME	2.20	Madawaska, ME	1.48	Alexandria Bay, NY	59
Sumas, WA	1,162	Blaine, WA	33,323	Calais, ME	1.32	Pembina, ND	2.16	Houlton, MI	1.41	Lynden, WA	55

Key: delay per mile (DPM), travel time index (TTI), planning time index (PTI), truck reliability index (TRI), buffer index (BI)

Figure 53 shows the border area delay per mile performance by quarter for access to each facility. Border areas appear to show decreasing delay but still follow the national trend. Border areas of Detroit, MI, and Laredo, TX, show the most hours of delay per mile for the surrounding NHS.

Table 31 provides the quarterly delay per mile as shown in figure 53.

Table 31. Border area access delay per mile by quarter.

Border Area	2017 Q1	2017 Q2	2017 Q3	2017 Q4	2018 Q1	2018 Q2	2018 Q3	2018 Q4	2019 Q1	2019 Q2	2019 Q3	2019 Q4
Alexandria Bay NY	852	958	959	913	259	314	289	262	230	246	231	200
Blaine WA	632	649	535	677	577	579	553	483	560	554	512	423
Buffalo NY	642	697	731	758	576	621	572	549	665	669	634	423
Calais ME	68	78	82	77	83	72	77	83	88	82	87	70
Calexico CA	688	704	697	709	704	771	654	715	639	626	634	657
Champlain-Rouses NY	187	204	206	198	139	148	157	131	129	141	134	125
Derby Line VT	272	215	215	217	104	78	66	99	106	57	57	76
Detroit MI	1,383	1,921	1,688	1,856	1,492	1,418	1,622	1,235	1,143	1,240	1,737	1,195
Eastport ID	145	166	171	156	157	143	149	142	106	91	79	71
El Paso TX	841	907	892	916	876	949	927	886	1,045	1,196	1,196	758
Highgate Springs VT	220	239	242	229	105	125	154	133	162	118	113	125
Hidalgo TX	599	664	687	708	720	766	689	779	655	644	730	797
Houlton MI	105	102	102	105	114	111	131	119	117	125	135	100
Jackman ME	135	151	150	144	135	144	139	144	143	148	152	163
Laredo TX	1,201	1,313	1,321	1,275	1,107	1,194	1,203	1,255	1,134	1,137	904	955
Lynden WA	200	215	223	201	178	219	216	197	156	184	170	135
Madawaska ME	74	87	89	82	81	81	93	86	83	88	91	81
Nogales AZ	149	140	139	133	247	256	255	265	254	258	245	225
Ogdensburg NY	93	97	97	97	65	58	59	57	45	46	46	49
Otay Mesa CA	413	379	403	389	756	680	585	715	836	914	611	364
Pembina ND	417	460	469	441	395	405	416	383	152	134	138	141
Port Huron MI	858	1,213	1,143	948	736	921	995	857	601	731	898	696
Portal ND	22	25	23	23	141	153	156	154	120	130	185	143
Sault Ste Marie MI	123	128	134	125	83	83	81	84	75	74	97	64
Sumas WA	321	330	334	324	310	338	346	327	278	305	300	272
Sweetgrass MT	212	233	238	240	227	238	234	228	153	156	162	156

Figure 54 depicts a map of border areas, with larger circles representing higher delay per mile on the surrounding NHS, matching the results shown in table 31. 2019 delay per mile for each border area is provided in table 32.

Table 32. Delay per mile for border areas in 2019.

Location	State	2019 Delay Per Mile
Alexandria Bay	NY	868
Blaine	WA	2,269
Lewiston	NY	1,900
Calais	ME	331
Calexico	CA	2,324
Champlain	NY	540
Derby	VT	300
Detroit	MI	3,628
Bonners Ferry	ID	402
El Paso	TX	3,114
Highgate	VT	566
Hidalgo	TX	2,586
Houlton	ME	499
Jackman	ME	578
Laredo	TX	4,669
Lynden	WA	749
Madawaska	ME	359
Nogales	AZ	874
Ogdensburg	NY	193
San Diego	CA	2,490
Pembina	ND	659
Port Huron	MI	2,550
Portal	ND	524
Sault Sainte Marie	MI	248
Sumas	WA	1,162
Sweetgrass	MT	669

Figure 55 shows the border areas that improved or worsened from 2017 to 2018 and 2018 to 2019 based on delay per mile. Most border areas improved, and only a few northern border areas worsened slightly.

Border Crossings

Another common measure of border crossing performance is the average minutes per mile of the actual segments into and out of Canada and Mexico. Table 33 shows the minute-per-mile rates.

Table 33. National border crossing minutes per mile.

Location	2017	2018	Average
National (weighted)	2.4	2.4	2.4
National (not weighted)	3	3	3
Direction (weighted) into Canada	2	2	2
Direction (weighted) into Mexico	1.9	1.9	1.9
Direction (weighted) into United States	2.1	2.1	2.1
Direction (not weighted) into Canada	3	3	3
Direction (not weighted) into Mexico	2.8	2.6	2.7
Direction (not weighted) into United States	3.1	3.2	3.1