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21st Century Operations Using 21st Century Technologies
Table of Contents

Travel and Emissions Impacts of Highway Operations Strategies

Foreword

Notice

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Technical Report Documentation Page

1. Report No.

FHWA-HOP-14-013

2. Government Accession No.

3. Recipient’s Catalog No.

4. Title and Subtitle

Travel and Emissions Impacts of Highway Operations Strategies

5. Report Date

March 2014
6. Performing Organization Code

7. Author(s)

Richard Margiotta, Paul Waddell, Fletcher Foti, Lawrence Liao,
Rick Dowling

8. Performing Organization Report No.

9. Performing Organization Name and Address

Cambridge Systematics, Inc.
4800 Hampden Lane, Suite 800
Bethesda, MD 20814

10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS)

11. Contract or Grant No.

DTFH61-06-D-00004

12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address

U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
Office of Operations
1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE
Washington, DC 20590

13. Type of Report and Period Covered

August 2010-March 2014

14. Sponsoring Agency Code

HOP and HEP

15. Supplementary Notes

The COTMs were John Halkias and John Davies

16. Abstract

This project addressed the short- and long-term impact of highway operations strategies on travel and emissions. Operations strategies are aimed at reducing congestion and improving safety without major physical of highways. Key research questions addressed include: 1) the extent to which highway operations strategies affect throughput, travel delay and travel-time reliability; 2) the extent to which these improved travel conditions result in demand changes, in both the short term and long term; and 3) the system-level traffic flow and emissions impacts of these projects, after accounting for demand changes, including the production of both criteria pollutants and greenhouse gases. A variety of technical analyses was undertaken including: development of an empirical relationship between travel-time reliability and land use patterns; a longitudinal study of the demand effects of operation strategy deployment; and application of regional travel demand and microscopic traffic simulation models to operations deployment scenarios.

17. Key Words

Travel demand impacts, vehicle emissions analysis, operations strategies, travel-time reliability

18. Distribution Statement

No restrictions.

19. Security Classif. (of this report)

Unclassified

20. Security Classif. (of this page)

Unclassified

21. No of Pages

172

22. Price

N/A

Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72)                                                                       Reproduction of completed pages authorized

Metric Conversion Factors
(International System of Units)

APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS TO SI UNITS
SYMBOL WHEN YOU KNOW MULTIPLY BY TO FIND SYMBOL
LENGTH
in inches 25.4 millimeters mm
ft feet 0.305 meters m
yd yards 0.914 meters m
mi miles 1.61 kilometers km
AREA
in2 square inches 645.2 square millimeters mm2
ft2 square feet 0.093 square meters m2
yd2 square yard 0.836 square meters m2
ac acres 0.405 hectares ha
mi2 square miles 2.59 square kilometers km2
VOLUME
fl oz fluid ounces 29.57 milliliters mL
gal gallons 3.785 liters L
ft3 cubic feet 0.028 cubic meters m3
yd3 cubic yards 0.765 cubic meters m3
NOTE: volumes greater than 1000 L shall be shown in m3
MASS
oz ounces 28.35 grams g
lb pounds 0.454 kilograms kg
T short tons (2000 lb) 0.907 megagrams (or "metric ton") Mg (or"t")
TEMPERATURE (exact degrees)
oF Fahrenheit 5 (F-32)/9 or (F-32)/1.8 Celsius oC
ILLUMINATION
fc foot-candles 10.76 lux lx
fl foot-Lamberts 3.426 candela/m2 cd/m2
FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS
lbf poundforce 4.45 newtons N
lbf/in2 poundforce per square inch 6.89 kilopascals kPa
APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS FROM SI UNITS
SYMBOL WHEN YOU KNOW MULTIPLY BY TO FIND SYMBOL
LENGTH
mm millimeters 0.039 inches in
m meters 3.28 feet ft
m meters 1.09 yards yd
km kilometers 0.621 miles mi
AREA
mm2 square millimeters 0.0016 square inches in2
m2 square meters 10.764 square feet ft2
m2 square meters 1.195 square yards yd2
ha hectares 2.47 acres ac
km2 square kilometers 0.386 square miles mi2
VOLUME
mL milliliters 0.034 fluid ounces fl oz
L liters 0.264 gallons gal
m3 cubic meters 35.314 cubic feet ft3
m3 cubic meters 1.307 cubic yards yd3
MASS
g grams 0.035 ounces oz
kg kilograms 2.202 pounds lb
Mg(or "t") megagrams (or "metric ton") 1.103 short tons (2000 lb) T
TEMPERATURE (exact degrees)
oC Celsius 1.8C+32 Fahrenheit oF
ILLUMINATION
lx lux 0.0929 foot-candles fc
cd/m2 candela/m2 0.2919 foot-Lamberts fl
FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS
N newtons 0.225 poundforce lbf
kPa kilopascals 0.145 poundforce per square inch lbf/in2
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