This publication is an archived publication and was replaced with publication number FHWA-HOP-15-004.

---

Printable Version [PDF 160KB]
To view PDF files, you need the Adobe Acrobat Reader.
Contact: Operations Feedback at OperationsFeedback@dot.gov.

Tabletop Exercise Instructions For Planned Events and Unplanned Incidents/Emergencies

Notice

Technical Report Documentation Page

Introduction

When planned special events are held, they generally increase traffic demands in or near the location of the event. In order to address this influx of traffic, transportation management plans are developed with the intent of minimizing the effect the event has on the transportation system. For a transportation management plan to be successful, however, it is strongly recommended that the plan be tested and reviewed prior to the event. One of the most effective ways to test a transportation management plan is through a tabletop exercise.

A tabletop exercise uses the transportation management plan as the basis for action. It enables participants to role play in a scenario-based exercise conducted in an informal stress-free environment. During this low cost/low stress activity, key stakeholders involved in the planning and implementation of transportation management plans test the plan through a facilitated scenario based discussion. Tabletop exercises allow traffic management team officials to review the effect of certain event-specific action plans on other concurrent events. Through this interaction, contingencies are vetted and resolved. In addition, a tabletop exercise can be used to train and familiarize personnel with their roles and responsibilities within the planned special event's transportation management plan.

No matter how thorough a transportation management plan may be, it can not account for all contingencies. The purposes of a tabletop exercise are to (1) test the written assumptions in the transportation management plan and (2) see what must be changed and how the plan can be improved. The tabletop exercise allows the participants to see how they react to unexpected events such as equipment failure or personnel shortages.

Review and testing allows the traffic management team to identify potential limitations of the traffic management plan prior to the day-of-event. With stakeholder agencies representing various jurisdictions and disciplines, review and testing promotes traffic management team coordination and increases stakeholder familiarity of the duties, responsibilities, and capabilities of other stakeholders. Activities range from tabletop exercises that examine how different agencies react to various scenarios to "hands-on" applications that can involve a full simulation or deploying a transportation management plan for smaller planned special events as a test.

Without the benefit of testing the transportation management plan, discrepancies may not be realized until the actual implementation of the plan. During these exercises, mistakes can be discovered while there is still time to make modifications and before any negative consequences are realized.

General Guidelines for Conducting Table Exercises

Planning for a Tabletop Exercise

Planning is key to ensuring that a tabletop exercise will be productive and useful for participating stakeholders. Following is a list of the major elements involved in planning for a tabletop exercise:

• Identify the stakeholders who will participate in the exercise.
• Distribute copies of the transportation management plan and implementation plan to participants.
• Develop a script for the exercise, including surprise elements, which may not be addressed in the transportation management plan.
• Provide a timeline for the exercise to play-out (the exercise will probably take place in an accelerated timeframe compared to a real-life event).
• Identify reviewers who will watch the exercise and take notes.
• Provide time to review the exercise.
• Modify the plan based on what was learned during the exercise.

Participants

The purpose of a tabletop exercise is to encourage discussion among the stakeholders and to develop recognition of coordination and planning requirements. This can only be accomplished if group discussion takes place freely and without embarrassment to any individual or service. In order to make sure this type of environment exists, it is critical that care be taken when identifying a facilitator for the tabletop exercise. The facilitator of the exercise should be someone who is knowledgeable with the planning and implementation of the transportation plans for planned special events but who is not an exercise "player." Ideally, this would either be the traffic engineer or an instructor who has the responsibility and knowledge of planned special events and resources available in your community.

Planned special events tabletop exercise participants should (at least) include representatives of fire and rescue, police/law enforcement, transportation and/or public works, venue representatives, transit, emergency medical services, towing and recovery, elected officials, public information, and emergency management, and, if appropriate, a representative from the transportation operations center. Additional details concerning the roles and responsibilities of stakeholders typically involved with the traffic management for unplanned incidents is discussed in greater detail in the Roles and Responsibilities section.

In addition, since participants can not be expected to remember all that takes place during the exercise, it is critical that observers be used to: (1) watch what happens, (2) take notes on what is seen and heard, and (3) recount observations during the review process.

Scenarios

The goal of testing a transportation management plan is not to be mistake free, but to identify potential problems areas. For tabletop exercises to be effective, they should test as many parts of the transportation management plan as possible using scenarios. A number of scenarios that cause disruptions to event traffic should be developed, keeping in mind that the scenarios should be as realistic as possible. Often times during a tabletop a simple scenario is presented to initiate discussion, and as the exercise progresses the scenario is escalated. During scenario discussions, operational problems and solutions can be identified.

These scenarios typically do not require modeled network information, as their primary purpose is to test the stakeholders as to how they would react and to fine tune the responsibilities of each stakeholder and the communications protocol between the stakeholders.

After Action Review

After action reviews are conducted after a tabletop – or any exercise – has ended. The purpose of the review is to:

• Evaluate changes and corrections to the planned special events transportation plan.
• Evaluate what if any additional interagency coordination is needed.
• Serve as a guide for future exercises.
• Verify the exercise goals were achieved.
• Evaluate training and staff deficiencies.

Participant input is also crucial in the review process. They can note difficulties experienced during the exercise that might not be obvious to observers. Reviewers should debrief participants as soon as possible after the exercise so participants do not forget what they experienced. These participant observations should also be included in a more extensive review of the exercise. Individuals who do not represent day-of event traffic management team personnel or event stakeholders can be very useful in moderating the review process since they do not bring real or perceived bias into the process. Finally, all of the observations and insights are useless unless there exists some opportunity to incorporate recommended changes into the transportation management plan.

Tips to Ensure an Effective Tabletop Exercise

The following are guidelines that will make your tabletop exercise more effective:

• The exercise should be held in a room with a conference table, or with the seating arranged in a manner in which the participants are able to see all other participants.
• Have coffee/soda available for the participants helps promote a relaxed atmosphere.
• Provide a large detailed map of the exercise area so that all participants can visualize the area involved.
• A recorder (not an exercise "player") should write down exercise responses and note the major issues/problems.
• Plan on at least one hour, preferably three for the exercise. If the exercise fails to become productive within the first hour, it's best to discontinue and discuss the possible reasons why this has occurred.
• After the exercise-all participants should be asked to complete an evaluation of the exercise, and make suggestions and comments with regard to emergency operations plan revisions.
• A need to schedule future meetings to revise the plan shortly after this tabletop exercise, while thoughts are still fresh in everyone's mind, may be appropriate.

Additional tabletop exercises may be needed to evaluate the revisions/accomplish local goals of this exercise.

Limitations

One shortcoming of the tabletop is that not all of the participants, especially the frontline personnel, will take part in the exercise. This could mean that those who are playing the role of a traffic management team member might handle events differently than those who actually would take the actions on the day-of-event, or that actions might differ if there were interaction with other participants. It also means that the insights, questions and suggestions of these operational personnel are lost. One way this can be addressed, in part, is to have several tabletop exercises, which review portions of the plan with smaller groups. Having multiple tabletop exercises better accommodates the schedule of designated traffic management team personnel. These exercises can focus on that portion of the plan, which in turn, involves these individuals.

A tabletop may also miss outside influences that would be dealt with during an actual planned special event. For example, an operator at a traffic operations center may be handling other activities during a special event such as an incident not associated with the event.

It should be noted that tabletop exercises can also be held prior to a more detailed exercise, which involves a greater number of people. In fact, a tabletop may identify problems which can be corrected prior to a more detailed exercise and allow a better simulation of what takes place.

Other Sources

Sources used in the development of this guidance document:

• Managing Travel for Planned Special Events Handbook, FHWA, Publication Number FHWA-OP-04-010 http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/program_areas/sp-events-mgmt/handbook/index.htm
• Wisconsin Emergency Management: Tabletop Exercise Scenarios - Volume
• As tabletop exercises become more common, more and more practical information is available on the web. Prior to any exercise, consider a search under "tabletop exercise scenarios."

Roles and Responsibilities: Explanation

The roles and responsibilities or "back stories" for each of the groups represented in this guide is divided into two sections. The first group lists their planned special events responsibilities and the second section lists the responsibilities for unplanned events – either traffic incidents or emergencies. Some of the groups that will participate in the tabletop have responsibilities for only one of these areas.

Though the summary of the roles and responsibilities is somewhat generic, the write-up is intended to give the group as much information as possible about their responsibilities for both the planned events and unplanned incidents/emergencies.

Planned Special Events

The oversight team involves stakeholders participating in program planning activities to improve the management of travel during future planned special events. These stakeholders include mid-to-upper level representatives of transportation agencies and law enforcement.

Additional stakeholders include elected officials, regional organizations, and other government agencies. Members of an oversight team work to establish policies, regulations, procedures, and task forces for future application to a specific planned special event. Team members may work with an event planning team, consult on feasibility study results and evaluate conceptual transportation management plan components. Stakeholders may also work independent of the team to evaluate potential new technology applications that may improve their performance and capabilities while meeting team objectives.

Transportation

Transportation agencies are responsible for the overall planning and implementation of traffic incident management programs. These agencies are also involved in the development, implementation, and operation of traffic operations centers (TOC), as well as the management of service patrols. Transportation agencies are secondary responders. That is, they are most likely to be called to the incident scene by first responders, usually law enforcement. Transportation agencies are rarely connected directly to public safety emergency communications and dispatch systems. These agencies develop the transportation management plans for planned special events.

Planned Events Responsibilities

• Operates and maintains the transportation system.
• Develops an action plan corresponding to each identified planned special event level.
  • The action plan will list recommended practices for stakeholders who
    regularly manage traffic during the occurrence of a planned special event.
• Provide motorist information.
• Establish alternate routes.
• Develop a transportation management plan.
• Manage either an event planning team, traffic management team, or both.
• Provides traffic devices through the agency’s maintenance department.
• Supply and install on streets serving a fixed event venue, permanent equipment such as CCTV cameras, lane control signals, dynamic trailblazers, and parking management systems Intelligent Transportation Systems equipment.
• Deploy portable traffic management systems, such as portable CCTV, portable changeable message signs (CMSs), portable highway advisory radio (HAR), portable vehicle detectors, and portable traffic signals.
• Establish and/or coordinate temporary task forces charged with a particular function, such as event communications.
• Crash prevention through portable lighting, congestion warning signs, public information safety campaign, and enforcement.
• Use of or increase in service patrols for on-scene incident management and clearance, traffic management plan deployment, and traffic conditions monitoring.

Transit agency

• Develops specialized transit plans, complementing an event traffic management plan that detail schedules and necessary equipment and personnel resources.

Unplanned Incident Responsibilities

• Assist in incident detection and verification.
• Initiate traffic management strategies on incident impacted facilities.
• Protect the incident scene.
• Initiate emergency medical assistance until help arrives.
• Provide traffic control.
• Assist motorist with disabled vehicles.
• Provide motorist information.
• Provide sand for absorbing small fuel and anti-freeze spills.
• Provide special equipment clearing incident scenes.
• Determine incident clearance and roadway repair needs.
• Establish and operate alternate routes.
• Coordinate clearance and repair resources.
• Serve as incident commander for clearance and repair functions.
• Repair transportation infrastructure.

Police/Law Enforcement

Law enforcement agencies include State Police and Highway Patrols, County Police and County Sheriffs, Township and Municipal Police and other agencies which have officers sworn to enforce laws.

Jurisdiction of law enforcement agencies varies widely from state to state and even within a state. Typically, State Police and Highway Patrols have jurisdiction on State highways and county and municipal police have jurisdiction off the State highway system. State Police and Highway Patrols have statewide coverage and many lack sufficient resources to adequately respond to incidents on State highways in urban areas. In many locations, State law enforcement agencies receive assistance from county and local agencies and in some cases local law enforcement has jurisdiction even on State highways.

Law enforcement agencies are first responders at traffic incident scenes, providing 24-hour emergency response and operating under a paramilitary command structure. At most traffic incidents, law enforcement officers act alone and trained to make unilateral command decisions.

Planned Events Responsibilities

• Directs traffic.
• Facilitate the safe and efficient flow of traffic through traffic control and enforcement.
• Develop and execute a street traffic management plan.
• Manage traffic control and security on the day-of-event.
• Enforce traffic and parking restrictions.
• Escorts dignitaries to/from the event venue.
• Enforce the requirements of a traffic operations agency.
• Manage transportation operations on streets adjacent to the venue and/or corridors serving the venue during future planned special events.
• Local and county law enforcement agencies with a traffic operations bureau are responsible for developing and executing a local street traffic management plan.
• Approve local street closures.
• Approve an event traffic flow plan.
• Approve temporary traffic control deployment.

Unplanned Incident Responsibilities

• Secure the incident scene.
• Provide emergency medical aid until help arrives.
• Safeguard personal property.
• Conduct accident investigations.
• Serve as incident commander.
• Supervise scene clearance.
• Assist disabled motorists.
• Direct traffic.

Fire and Rescue

Fire and rescue services are provided by county and municipal fire departments, and by surrounding fire departments through mutual aid agreements.

In most jurisdictions, the fire department is the primary emergency response agency for hazardous materials spills. Like law enforcement agencies, fire and rescue departments also operate as first responders under a well-defined command structure providing 24-hour emergency response. Unlike law enforcement, which operates individually for most duties, fire departments operate under a highly organized team structure with the close supervision of a commanding officer. Fire departments and emergency medical service providers (EMS) also act at the direction of one decision maker, and may not respond individually to requests from other response agencies unless their command officer directs them to do so.

In most large urban areas, fulltime professional personnel staff fire and rescue departments. In many suburban and in most rural areas, volunteers primarily provide fire and rescue services.

Planned Events Responsibilities

• Ensures adequate provision of emergency access routes to and from the event venue.
• Ensures adequate pedestrian access routes and evacuation destination areas exist to meet emergency management plan requirements.
• On-site, trained, professional and licensed emergency medical professionals provide immediate emergency medical assistance for those in attendance.

Unplanned Incident Responsibilities

• Protect the incident scene.
• Suppress fires.
• Provide emergency medical care.
• Serve as incident commander.
• Provide initial HAZMAT response and containment.
• Rescue crash victims from contaminated environments.
• Rescue crash victims from wrecked vehicles.
• Arrange transportation for the injured.
• Assist in incident clearance.
• Provide traffic control until law enforcement or DOT arrival.

Emergency Medical Services

The primary responsibilities of EMS are the triage, treatment, and transport of crash victims. In many areas, fire and rescue companies provide emergency medical services. In some areas, other agencies or private companies provide these services to local jurisdictions under contract.

Emergency medical services have evolved as primary care givers to individuals needing medical care in emergencies. As with police, emergency medical personnel have a defined set of priorities. They focus on providing patient care, crash victim rescue, and ensuring the safety of their personnel.

Planned Events Responsibilities

• Ensures adequate provision of emergency access routes to and from the event venue.

Unplanned Incident Responsibilities

• Provide advanced emergency medical care.
• Determine of destination and transportation requirements for the injured.
• Coordinate evacuation with fire, police and ambulance or airlift.
• Serve as incident commander for medical emergencies.
• Determine approximate cause of injuries for the trauma center.
• Remove medical waste from incident scene.

Emergency Management

Planned Events Responsibilities

• May serve as the agency that coordinates the public agencies' preparation and implementation of the event.

Unplanned Incident Responsibilities

• May serve as the Incident Commander.

Towing and Recovery

Towing and recovery service providers are responsible for the safe and efficient removal of wrecked or disabled vehicles, and debris from the incident scene.

Towing and recovery companies are secondary responders operating under a towing arrangement usually maintained by a law enforcement agency. Towing and recovery arrangements generally fall under one of two major types – rotation or contract. In rotation towing, a police department will maintain a list of pre-qualified companies and will rotate the call of those companies. In many locations, rotation lists are classified by specific company capabilities so that a company with only automobile towing equipment doesn't get called to a truck incident. Location zones may also maintain rotation lists so that companies closer to the incident scene will get called. In contract towing, companies are contracted to provide specific services on call. The contracts are often awarded through a bidding process and qualification requirements to bid may be more rigid than requirements for placement on a rotation list. The closest qualified company may also award contracts on a zone basis to help enable response.

Planned Events Responsibilities

• Placed in strategic locations to be ready to move disabled vehicles.
• Use of or increase in service patrols for on-scene incident management and clearance, traffic management plan deployment, and traffic conditions monitoring.
• Traffic incident quick clearance initiatives for rapid clearance of disabled and illegally parked or abandoned vehicles.

Unplanned Incident Responsibilities

• Recover and remove vehicles from incident scene.
• Protect victims' property and vehicles.
• Remove debris from the roadway.
• Provide other services, such as traffic control, as directed or under contract.

Venue Representatives (e.g. Arenas, Stadiums)

Planned Events Responsibilities

• Plans the event operations logistics.
• Initiates the event operations planning phase by notifying stakeholders.
• Funds the deployment of equipment and personnel resources, including reimbursement of public agency resource costs, required on the day-of-event.
• Hires a private traffic-engineering consultant to perform an event feasibility study and prepare a traffic management plan.
• Assembles an event planning team.
• Works to maintain interagency coordination in order to meet milestones in
  the advance planning process and ultimately gain stakeholder approval of the proposed transportation management plan.
• May also fund the deployment of equipment and personnel resources, including reimbursement of public agency personnel costs, required to mitigate traffic safety, mobility, and reliability impacts during the day-of-event.
• The event venue operator essentially represents an event organizer. These venue operators may work together with transportation agencies, law enforcement, and elected officials during the program-planning phase to develop strategies, including permanent installation of equipment for improved traffic monitor.

Unplanned Incident Responsibilities

Professional Sporting Organization (e.g. National Hockey, Professional Golf)

Planned Events Responsibilities

• Initiate the event operations planning phase by notifying stakeholders.
• Request to public agencies for an event permit application.
• Assembles an event planning team.
• Governs the logistics of the planned special event.
• Works to maintain interagency coordination in order to meet milestones in the advance planning process and ultimately gain stakeholder approval of the proposed transportation management plan.

Unplanned Incident Responsibilities

Mayor/Governor's Office

As the senior elected official, the mayor or governor will make the final decisions regarding transportation. The decision will be based on the most current information provided by the first responders in the field.

Planned Events Responsibilities

• Establish laws and regulations toward effecting improvements in planning and managing future planned special events.
• Create a special task force to assist event organizers and local agencies to coordinate event-planning activities.
• May advise an event planning team on alternatives to minimize quality of life impacts on represented residents and businesses.

Unplanned Incident Responsibilities

• On advice of appropriate public safety and emergency manager, will give the order to either evacuate or shelter-in-place.
• Through press conferences and other public communication opportunities, will keep the public informed about the status of the event.
• When appropriate, will ask for additional assistance from either the governor or the federal government.

Other Groups

Public Safety Communications

Public safety communications services are the 911 call takers and dispatchers. In larger urban areas, call taking and dispatching duties may be separated. Call takers route emergency calls to appropriate dispatch. In some areas, all public safety emergency calls (police, fire and rescue, and emergency medical) are handled in one joint center with call takers sending calls to appropriate agency dispatch depending on the nature of the call. In smaller urban areas and in many rural areas, call-takers may also dispatch public safety response. Most of the larger urban areas have E911 capabilities so that call takers can obtain the location of landline 911 calls. Many rural areas do not yet have E911. Most calls on highway emergencies come from cellular telephones that are currently not able to provide location information for 911 calls.

Hazardous Materials Contractors

Hazardous materials contractors operate in a number of regions in the United States. They are hired by emergency or transportation authorities to clean up and dispose of toxic or hazardous materials. Most common (and small quantity) engine fluid spills (oil, diesel fuel, gasoline, anti-freeze, etc.) can be contained and cleaned up without calling hazardous materials contractors.

Traffic Information Media

Traffic information service providers are primarily private sector companies that gather and disseminate traffic condition information. These private providers are the primary source of information for commercial radio traffic information broadcasts, the most common source of traffic information for motorists. These companies also package specific information on a route or time of day basis to paying clients who subscribe for the information. In recent years, many Internet sites have been created to provide road condition and traffic information. A mixture of public sector agencies and private information service providers maintains these sites.

In 2000, the Federal Communications Commission approved 511 as a national traffic information telephone number. Activity is underway in a number of locations to provide traffic information through a 511 number.

Planned Events Responsibilities

• Disseminate event pre-trip travel information, in addition to real-time traffic and transit information during the day-of-event.
• Participate in a meeting of the event planning team to obtain advance information on proposed temporary traffic control, transit, and travel demand management initiatives.

Master List of Exercise Objectives

This list of exercise objectives is from the Wisconsin Emergency Management: Tabletop Exercise Scenarios – Volume 1. This list serves as a range of possible exercise objectives and should not be interpreted as meaning that every listed objective must be included in every exercise. Please select only those objectives that are related to the scope of your specific scenario.

Please note that these objectives have been superseded by the current Homeland Security Exercise Evaluation Program (HSEEP) objectives which are tied to federal exercise grant money. For information about the HSEEP objectives, please go to https://hseep.dhs.gov.

1. Alert Notification

• To demonstrate the ability to alert, mobilize, and activate the personnel, facilities, and systems required for emergence response, and provide for subsequent shift change staffing to maintain operations appropriate for the planned event.

2. Communications

• To determine the ability to establish and maintain communications essential to support the planned special event
• To demonstrate the ability to establish, use, maintain, and manage communications essential to support the planned event as well as any emergency or disaster response and recovery.

3. Coordination & Control

• To determine the coordination and the effectiveness of mutual aid plans among jurisdictions or organizations as part of the implementation of the planned special event.
• To determine the effectiveness of procedures for requesting resources from a higher level of government
• To determine the level of cooperation and coordination among and between agencies, departments, and organizations of the jurisdiction in responding to problems associated with a major planned event.
• To determine the ability of Transportation Management Center or Transportation Operations Center (TMC or TOC) personnel to assess events, make decisions on corrective action measures, and direct field personnel on procedures to remedy problems.
• To determine the level of knowledge that TMC or TOC personnel possess regarding plan familiarity, changes to the transportation plan, contingency planning, and decision-making.
• To determine the capabilities of the jurisdiction to effectively use support agencies when local forces are fully committed or incapable of providing a needed service
• To determine the adequacy of facilities, equipment, displays, and other materials to support the planned special event
• To determine the ability to assist activities through operations of an Incident Command System (ICS)
• To demonstrate the adequacy of facilities, equipment, displays, and associated materials to support direction and control of planned special events.

4. Public Information

• To determine the capability of the public information system to provide official information and instruction to diverse populations in order to facilitate timely and appropriate public response during a planned special event
• To demonstrate the capability to coordinate the formulation and dissemination of clear, accurate, and consistent information to the public and news media, and to control the spread of rumors that could impact on the public safety.

5. Health & Medical

• To determine the ability to protect emergency responder health and safety
• To determine the adequacy of personnel, procedures, equipment, and vehicles for transporting injured individuals, and the adequacy of medical personnel and facilities to support the operation.
• To demonstrate the capability to mobilize and employ health and medical resources and mitigate public health problems during a major planned event that could result in an emergency or mass disaster situation.
• To demonstrate the capability to identify and mobilize resources and organize the delivery of crisis assistance and other human services in response to a major emergency or disaster.

6. Public Safety/Transportation

• To direct traffic.
• To facilitate the safe and efficient flow of traffic through traffic control and enforcement.
• To develop and execute a street traffic management plan.
• To manage traffic control and security on the day-of-event
• To enforce traffic and parking restrictions
• To escort dignitaries to/from the event venue
• To enforce the requirements of a traffic operations agency
• To manage transportation operations on streets adjacent to the venue and/or corridors serving the venue during planned special events.
• For those local and county law enforcement agencies with a traffic operations bureau or for the local and/or state departments of transportation, to be responsible for developing and executing a local street traffic management plan.
• To approve local street closures.
• To approve an event traffic flow plan.
• Approve temporary traffic control deployment.
• To determine the effectiveness of search and rescue procedures during a planned special event, major emergency or disaster
• To employ good traffic incident procedures to ensure both the safety of the responder and to ensure the safe movement of traffic

7. Public Works

• To determine the adequacy of procedures for providing to field forces such support services as food and refreshments, apparatus and equipment maintenance, sanitary facilities, and medical care.

8. Resource Management

• To determine the thoroughness, usefulness, understandability, and accuracy of the transportation management plan and other key references.
• To determine the effectiveness of procedures for deployment of emergency personnel and equipment during a planned special event
• To determine adequacy of procedures for replacement of fatigued personnel during a planned special event.
• To determine if a system has been developed for recruiting, training, and using volunteers during a planned special event.
• To determine the capabilities of agencies, departments, and organizations of the jurisdiction for the effective handling of the attendees to a planned special event
• To determine the ability of public officials to conduct their duties in accordance with standard operating procedures (SOP's), the emergency operations plan (EOP), and state statutes.
• To demonstrate the ability to locate, mobilize, and manage (including allocation and prioritization) personnel, equipment, supplies, facilities, and services as part of a planned special event.

9. Warning

• To demonstrate the capability to promptly alert and notify the public of imminent disaster or hazardous conditions and to disseminate instructional messages to the public on the basis of authority from, or decisions by, appropriate State and local officials.

10. Effectiveness of Warning

• To determine the adequacy of equipment and procedures for alerting and warning the population during a planned special event in the event of a major emergency or disaster

11. Other Non-Emergencies Objectives

• To determine if officials have coordinated utility disaster plans with the local emergency operations plan.
• To determine the capabilities of the jurisdiction to handle routine/normal incidents in addition to responding to events associated with a major emergency or disaster.
• To determine the ability to document response to an incident/accident

NOTE: It is recommended that no more that 6 – 8 or so objectives are chosen for any one exercise.

U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
Office of Operations

1200 New Jersey Avenue, S.E.
Washington, D.C. 20590

www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov

FHWA-HOP-08-005
November 2007