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1. Report No. FHWA-HOP-10-005 |
2. Government Accession No. |
3. Recipient’s Catalog No. |
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4. Title and Subtitle Applying Analysis Tools in Planning for Operations: Case Study #4 – Application of Microsimulation in Combination With Travel Demand Models |
5. Report Date
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7. Author(s) Richard Dowling, Allen Huang, and Kym Sterner, Dowling Associates; Krista Jeannotte, Cambridge Systematics |
8. Performing Organization Report No. |
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9. Performing Organization Name and Address Dowling Associates, Inc. Cambridge Systematics, Inc. |
10. Work Unit No. |
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11. Contract or Grant No. DTFH61-05-C-00036 |
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12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Department of Transportation |
13. Type of Report and Period Covered |
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14. Sponsoring Agency Code
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15. Supplementary Notes FHWA COTR: Wayne Berman, Office of Operations; John Halkias, Office of Operations; and Richard Backlund, Office of Operations |
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16. Abstract More and more, transportation system operators are seeing the benefits of strengthening links between planning and operations. A critical element in improving transportation decision-making and the effectiveness of transportation systems related to operations and planning is through the use of analysis tools and methods. This brochure is one in a series of five intended to improve the way existing analysis tools are used to advance operational strategies in the planning process. The specific objective of developing this informational brochure series was to provide reference and resource materials that will help planners and operations professionals to use existing transportation planning and operations analysis tools and methods in a more systematic way to better analyze, evaluate, and report the benefits of needed investments in transportation operations. The main problem of interfacing travel demand models with microsimulation models is that the demands produced by demand models are not as capacity constrained as they need to be for use in microsimulation models. The result is that the microsimulation model produces unrealistic facility performance estimates when it is given unrealistic calibration year and future year demands. The solution is to adjust the travel demand model demands to more realistic levels that reflect the physical limitations of the network. This brochure describes two case studies for applying simulation models in combination with travel demand models: 1) the traditional approach performing these adjustments outside of the travel demand model; and 2) an advanced approach that makes many of the demand adjustments within the demand model. |
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17. Key Words analysis tools, planning for operations, travel demand modeling, microsimulation |
18. Distribution Statement
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19. Security Classif. (of this report) Unclassified |
20. Security Classif. Unclassified |
21. No of Pages 21 |
22. Price na |
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Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed pages authorized
| APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS TO SI UNITS | ||||
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| SYMBOL | WHEN YOU KNOW | MULTIPLY BY | TO FIND | SYMBOL |
| LENGTH |
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| in |
inches | 25.4 | millimeters | mm |
| ft |
feet | 0.305 | meters | m |
| yd |
yards | 0.914 | meters | m |
| mi |
miles | 1.61 | kilometers | km |
| AREA |
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| in2 |
square inches | 645.2 | square millimeters | mm2 |
| ft2 |
square feet | 0.093 | square meters | m2 |
| yd2 |
square yard | 0.836 | square meters | m2 |
| ac |
acres | 0.405 | hectares | ha |
| mi2 |
square miles | 2.59 | square kilometers | km2 |
| VOLUME |
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| fl oz |
fluid ounces | 29.57 | milliliters | mL |
| gal |
gallons | 3.785 | liters | L |
| ft3 |
cubic feet | 0.028 | cubic meters | m3 |
| yd3 |
cubic yards | 0.765 | cubic meters | m3 |
NOTE: volumes greater than 1000 L shall be shown in m3 |
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| MASS |
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| oz |
ounces | 28.35 | grams | g |
| lb |
pounds | 0.454 | kilograms | kg |
| T |
short tons (2000 lb) | 0.907 | megagrams (or "metric ton") | Mg (or "t") |
| TEMPERATURE (exact degrees) | ||||
| oF |
Fahrenheit | 5 (F-32)/9 |
Celsius | oC |
| ILLUMINATION |
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| fc |
foot-candles | 10.76 | lux | lx |
| fl |
foot-Lamberts | 3.426 | candela/m2 | cd/m2 |
| FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS |
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| lbf |
poundforce | 4.45 | newtons | N |
| lbf/in2 |
poundforce per square inch | 6.89 | kilopascals | kPa |
| APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS FROM SI UNITS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SYMBOL | WHEN YOU KNOW | MULTIPLY BY | TO FIND | SYMBOL |
| LENGTH |
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| mm |
millimeters | 0.039 |
inches | in |
| m |
meters | 3.28 |
feet | ft |
| m |
meters | 1.09 |
yards | yd |
| km |
kilometers | 0.621 |
miles | mi |
| AREA |
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| mm2 |
square millimeters | 0.0016 |
square inches | in2 |
| m2 |
square meters | 10.764 |
square feet | ft2 |
| m2 |
square meters | 1.195 |
square yards | yd2 |
| ha |
hectares | 2.47 |
acres | ac |
| km2 |
square kilometers | 0.386 |
square miles | mi2 |
| VOLUME |
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| mL |
milliliters | 0.034 |
fluid ounces | fl oz |
| L |
liters | 0.264 |
gallons | gal |
| m3 |
cubic meters | 35.314 |
cubic feet | ft3 |
| m3 |
cubic meters | 1.307 |
cubic yards | yd3 |
| MASS |
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| g |
grams | 0.035 |
ounces | oz |
| kg |
kilograms | 2.202 |
pounds | lb |
| Mg (or "t") |
megagrams (or "metric ton") | 1.103 |
short tons (2000 lb) | T |
TEMPERATURE (exact degrees) |
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| oC |
Celsius | 1.8C+32 | Fahrenheit | oF |
| ILLUMINATION |
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| lx |
lux | 0.0929 |
foot-candles | fc |
| cd/m2 |
candela/m2 | 0.2919 |
foot-Lamberts | fl |
| FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS |
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| N |
newtons | 0.225 | poundforce | lbf |
| kPa |
kilopascals | 0.145 |
poundforce per square inch | lbf/in2 |