Value Pricing Pilot Program: Lessons Learned

Foreword

Notice

This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the use of the information contained in this document. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation.

The U.S. Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trademarks or manufacturers’ names may appear in this report only because they are considered essential to the objective of the document.

Quality Assurance Statement

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) provides high-quality information to serve Government, industry, and the public in a manner that promotes public understanding. Standards and policies are used to ensure and maximize the quality, objectivity, utility, and integrity of its information. FHWA periodically reviews quality issues and adjusts its programs and processes to ensure continuous quality improvement.

Technical Report Documentation Page

1. Report No.

FHWA-HOP-08-023

2. Government Accession No.

3. Recipient’s Catalog No.

4. Title and Subtitle

Value Pricing Pilot Program: Lessons Learned

5. Report Date

August 2008

6. Performing Organization Code

7. Author(s)

Kiran Bhatt, T. Higgins and J. Berg (With J. Buxbaum & E. Enarson-Hering)

8. Performing Organization Report No.

9. Performing Organization Name and Address

K.T. Analytics, Inc.
6304 Haviland Drive
Bethesda, Maryland 20817

Cambridge Systematics, Inc.
100 Cambridge Park Drive, Suite 400
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140

10. Work Unit No.

11. Contract or Grant No.

12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address

13. Type of Report and Period Covered

14. Sponsoring Agency Code

15. Supplementary Notes

16. Abstract

This “Lessons Learned Report” provides a summary of projects sponsored by FHWA’s Congestion and Value Pricing Pilot Programs from 1991 through 2006 and draws lessons from a sample of projects with the richest and most relevant experience across selected
project categories.

Since the inception of the Congestion Pricing Pilot Program in 1991, over 50 pricing projects have been funded by FHWA. More than a dozen operational projects are providing important findings regarding traffic and congestion impacts, transportation funding issues, public acceptability, administrative matters and future prospects for addressing congestion using various pricing strategies. In addition, useful information and valuable lessons have been provided by project feasibility studies and by pricing projects that did not progress to implementation or exhibited unexpected outcomes.

This report aims to synthesize the experience from the projects in the federal pricing programs regarding effectiveness at meeting their objectives and the political and technical aspects related to implementation. In an epilogue, the authors look forward to possible future roles for pricing strategies in addressing emerging congestion, capacity and funding problems.

17. Key Words

Value Pricing Pilot Program, Value Pricing, Congestion Pricing, Road Pricing, Variable Pricing, Priced Express Lanes, Variable Driving Costs, HOT Lanes, Car Sharing, Parking Cash Out, Impacts of Pricing, Equity of Pricing, Acceptability of Pricing, Costs and Revenues of Pricing, Pricing Technology

18. Distribution Statement

19. Security Classif. (of this report)

20. Security Classif.
(of this page)

21. No of Pages

177

22. Price

Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed pages authorized

Metric Conversion Factors
(International System of Units)

APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS TO SI UNITS
SYMBOL	WHEN YOU KNOW	MULTIPLY BY	TO FIND	SYMBOL
LENGTH
in	inches	25.4	millimeters	mm
ft	feet	0.305	meters	m
yd	yards	0.914	meters	m
mi	miles	1.61	kilometers	km
AREA
in²	square inches	645.2	square millimeters	mm²
ft²	square feet	0.093	square meters	m²
yd²	square yard	0.836	square meters	m²
ac	acres	0.405	hectares	ha
mi²	square miles	2.59	square kilometers	km²
VOLUME
fl oz	fluid ounces	29.57	milliliters	mL
gal	gallons	3.785	liters	L
ft³	cubic feet	0.028	cubic meters	m³
yd³	cubic yards	0.765	cubic meters	m³
NOTE: volumes greater than 1000 L shall be shown in m³
MASS
oz	ounces	28.35	grams	g
lb	pounds	0.454	kilograms	kg
T	short tons (2000 lb)	0.907	megagrams (or "metric ton")	Mg (or "t")
TEMPERATURE (exact degrees)
^oF	Fahrenheit	5 (F-32)/9 or (F-32)/1.8	Celsius	^oC
ILLUMINATION
fc	foot-candles	10.76	lux	lx
fl	foot-Lamberts	3.426	candela/m²	cd/m²
FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS
lbf	poundforce	4.45	newtons	N
lbf/in²	poundforce per square inch	6.89	kilopascals	kPa

APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS FROM SI UNITS
SYMBOL	WHEN YOU KNOW	MULTIPLY BY	TO FIND	SYMBOL
LENGTH
mm	millimeters	0.039	inches	in
m	meters	3.28	feet	ft
m	meters	1.09	yards	yd
km	kilometers	0.621	miles	mi
AREA
mm²	square millimeters	0.0016	square inches	in²
m²	square meters	10.764	square feet	ft²
m²	square meters	1.195	square yards	yd²
ha	hectares	2.47	acres	ac
km²	square kilometers	0.386	square miles	mi²
VOLUME
mL	milliliters	0.034	fluid ounces	fl oz
L	liters	0.264	gallons	gal
m³	cubic meters	35.314	cubic feet	ft³
m³	cubic meters	1.307	cubic yards	yd³
MASS
g	grams	0.035	ounces	oz
kg	kilograms	2.202	pounds	lb
Mg (or "t")	megagrams (or "metric ton")	1.103	short tons (2000 lb)	T
TEMPERATURE (exact degrees)
^oC	Celsius	1.8C+32	Fahrenheit	^oF
ILLUMINATION
lx	lux	0.0929	foot-candles	fc
cd/m²	candela/m²	0.2919	foot-Lamberts	fl
FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS
N	newtons	0.225	poundforce	lbf
kPa	kilopascals	0.145	poundforce per square inch	lbf/in²

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Value Pricing Pilot Program: Lessons Learned

Foreword

Notice

Quality Assurance Statement

Technical Report Documentation Page

Metric Conversion Factors (International System of Units)

Metric Conversion Factors
(International System of Units)