5.4.2 Alternative Means
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Physically Deliver Messages If Necessary – “In some instances, tunnel staff had to physically go to the radio stations with tunnel information because some stations were without phone service.”
Effects of Catastrophic Events on Transportation System Management and Operations: August 2003 Northeast Blackout Great Lakes Region
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Use Alternative Means to Communicate, Such as Fax Systems – “In New York City, the Transportation Operations Coordinating Committee set up a fax broadcast list that grew to 400 public and private agencies.”
Effects of Catastrophic Events on Transportation System Management and Operations: Cross-Cutting Study
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Use Other Means to Communicate to the Public, Such as Handouts and Maps – “Transportation officials in New York City implemented a similar multiple action strategy to disseminate information. Agencies used maps, handouts, and personnel to disseminate public information on the street. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority reported printing and distributing 1.5 million each of ‘take-ones’ (one page handouts noting changes in service) and black and white maps in two 12-hour shifts after September 11.”
Effects of Catastrophic Events on Transportation System Management and Operations: Cross-Cutting Study
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Use Face-to-Face Meetings to Supplement Other Means of Communication – “Face-to-face meetings were far more effective at resolving conflict under stressful conditions than relying on radio or telephone, especially at the tactical level.”
Southern California Firestorm 2003: Report for the Wildland Fire Lessons Learned Center
February 7, 2006
Publication #FHWA–HOP-08-015
