Transportation Systems Management and Operations Benefit-Cost Analysis Compendium

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Contact Information: Freight Feedbackat FreightFeedback@dot.gov

Publication #: FHWA-HOP-14-032

September 2015

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Table of Contents

[ Notice and Quality Assurance Statement ] [ Technical Report Documentation Page ] [ Foreword ] [ List of Acronyms ]

1. INTRODUCTION
	Project Background and Purpose
	The Transportation Systems Management and Operations Compendium
	The Operations Benefit/Cost Analysis Desk Reference
	Management and Operations Strategies
CHAPTER 2. FUNDAMENTALS OF BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS
	Economic Fundamentals
	Benefit-Cost Analysis
CHAPTER 3. USE OF DISCOUNTING, PRESENT VALUE, CONSTANT AND CURRENT DOLLARS IN BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS
	Benefits
	Costs
	The Monetization of Benefits and Costs
CHAPTER 4. INTRODUCTION TO BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS TOOLS
	TOPS-BC – A Tool for Benefit-Cost Analysis of TSMO Strategies
	How to Use the Compendium
	Overall Lessons Learned from Case Studies
CHAPTER 5. ARTERIAL OPERATIONS
	Case Study 5.1 – Hypothetical Preset Arterial Signal Coordination
	Case Study 5.2 – Adaptive Traffic Signal Control in Greeley and Woodland Park, Colorado
	Case Study 5.3 – Adaptive Traffic Signal Control
	Case Study 5.4 – Hypothetical Roundabouts
	Case Study 5.5 – Effectiveness of Roundabouts in Maryland
	Case Study 5.6 – Effectiveness of Arterial Management in Florida
CHAPTER 6. FREEWAY SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT
	Case Study 6.1 – Hypothetical Centrally Controlled Ramp Metering Deployment
	Case Study 6.2 – Florida DOT Road Ranger Program
	Case Study 6.3 – Metropolitan Area Transportation Operations Coordination Program
	Case Study 6.4 – Regional Traffic Management Center, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida
	Case Study 6.5 – Coordinated Highways Action Response Team, Maryland
	Case Study 6.6 – Georgia NaviGator Traffic Incident Management System
CHAPTER 7. DEMAND MANAGEMENT
	Case Study 7.1 – Minnesota I-35W Urban Partnership
	Case Study 7.2 – Interstate I-95 Express Managed Lanes
CHAPTER 8. TRANSIT OPERATIONS
	Case Study 8.1 – Transit Signal Priority, Portland Tri-Met
	Case Study 8.2 – Transit Signal Priority, Los Angeles DOT/ MTA
CHAPTER 9. TRAVELER INFORMATION
	Case Study 9.1 – Oregon's Automated Wind Warning System
	Case Study 9.2 – Hypothetical Truck Tip-Over Warning System
	Case Study 9.3 – Freight: Truck Over-Height Warning System
CHAPTER 10. OTHER STRATEGIES
	Case Study 10.1 – Road Weather Pooled Fund Maintenance Decision Support System (MDSS) Implementation
	Case Study 10.2 – Hypothetical Maintenance Decision Support System (MDSS) Implementation
CHAPTER 11. BCA STUDIES USING MULTIPLE STRATEGIES
	Case Study 11.1 – Automated License Plate Recognition
	Case Study 11.2 – Cincinnati Region Advanced Regional Traffic Interactive Management & Information System (ARTIMIS) Study
	Case Study 11.3 – Washington's Automated Anti-Icing System Study
CHAPTER 12. REFERENCES
CHAPTER 13. BIBLIOGRAPHY

List of Figures

Figure 1	Graph. Time Series of Costs and Benefits.
Figure 2	Equation. Formula for Discounting.
Figure 3	Equation. Present Value.
Figure 4	Equation. Overall Present Value.
Figure 5	Screenshot. Partial the Tabular Display of Benefit Cost Analysis Results from the Tool for Operations Benefit-Cost Analysis.
Figure 6	Chart. Clear Roads Tabular Display of Benefit-Cost Analysis Results.
Figure 7	Screenshot. Kansas City SCOUT Graph. ic Display of Benefit Cost Analysis Results.
Figure 8	Screenshot. Southwest Pennsylvania Regional Traffic Signal Program Graph. ic Display of Benefit-Cost Analysis Results.
Figure 9	Diagram. Multidimensional Display from the Metropolitan Transportation Commission.
Figure 10	Screenshot. Portion of the Benefit Estimation Parameters Page from the Tool for Operations Benefit-Cost Analysis
Figure 11	Screenshot. Excel Formula Bar Outlined in Red.
Figure 12	Screenshot. Signal Timing Brief for Alameda Avenue.
Figure 13	Equation. The Value of Travel Time.
Figure 14	Equation. Fuel Consumption.
Figure 15	Graph. Reduction in Collisions for Roundabouts.
Figure 16	Screenshot. A Run for Roundabout Benefits Using the Tool for Operations Benefit-Cost Analysis.
Figure 17	Diagram. Key Roundabout Characteristics.
Figure 18	Graph. Before and After Total and Injury Accident Rates.
Figure 19	Equation. Dollars Spent to Reduce One Accident.
Figure 20	Equation. Equivalent Uniform Annual Cost.
Figure 21	Equation. Benefit-Cost Ratio.
Figure 22	Screenshot. Palm Beach Living Lab Coverage.
Figure 23	Screenshot. Palm Beach Living Lab Device Locations.
Figure 24	Screenshot. Tool for Operations Benefit-Cost Analysis Traffic Signal Coordination Systems Costs Page.
Figure 25	Screenshot. Tool for Operations Benefit-Cost Analysis Traffic Signal Coordination Systems Benefits Page (part 1).
Figure 26	Screenshot. Tool for Operations Benefit-Cost Analysis Traffic Signal Coordination Systems Benefits Page (part 2).
Figure 27	Equation. Individual Incident Savings.
Figure 28	Equation. Cost Savings for All Incidents.
Figure 29	Equation. Number of Secondary Crashes in the Baselline Condition.
Figure 30	Equation. Estimated Decrease In Secondary Crashes.
Figure 31	Equation. Cost Savings from the Reduction in Secondary Crashes.
Figure 32	Equation. Salvage Value.
Figure 33	Equation. Salvage Value Calculated Using Minnesota Urban Partnership Agreement Data.
Figure 34	Equation. Total Vehicle Hours of Travel Time Savings.
Figure 35	Screenshot. Tool for Operations Benefit-Cost Analysis Advanced Transportation Demand Management High Occupancy Toll Lanes Costs Page (part 1).
Figure 36	Screenshot. Tool for Operations Benefit-Cost Analysis Advanced Transportation Demand Management High Occupancy Toll Lanes Costs Page (part 2).
Figure 37	Screenshot. Tool for Operations Benefit-Cost Analysis Advanced Transportation Demand Management High Occupancy Toll Lanes Benefits Page (part 1).
Figure 38	Screenshot. Tool for Operations Benefit-Cost Analysis Advanced Transportation Demand Management High Occupancy Toll Lanes Benefits Page (part 2).
Figure 39	Screenshot. Tool for Operations Benefit-Cost Analysis Lifecycle Signal Priority Cost Page.
Figure 40	Screenshot. Partial View of the Tool for Operations Benefit-Cost Analysis Benefit Estimation Page.
Figure 41	Screenshot. Partial View of the Tool for Operations Benefit-Cost Analysis Transit Priority Benefit-Cost Summary Page.
Figure 42	Screenshot. Tool for Operations Benefit-Cost Analysis of Transit Signal Priority Costs.
Figure 43	Screenshot. Tool for Operations Benefit-Cost Analysis Annual and Net  Present Value of Cost.
Figure 44	Screenshot. Tool for Operations Benefit-Cost Analysis Benefit-Cost  Summary.
Figure 45	Screenshot. Partial View of the Tool for Operations Benefit-Cost Analysis Blank Cost Template Worksheet.
Figure 46	Screenshot. Partial View of a Tool for Operations Benefit-Cost Analysis New Truck Tip-Over Cost Worksheet.
Figure 47	Screenshot. Creating a New Hyperlink in the Master Navigation Menu.
Figure 48	Photo. A Truck that Collided with the MD 75 Bridge.
Figure 49	Photo. Truck Over-Height Warning System.
Figure 50	Graph. Benefit-Cost Methodology and Relationship between Level of Service and Costs.
Figure 51	Screenshot. Tool for Operations Benefit-Cost Analysis Navigation Column for Estimating Costs – Road Weather Management Strategies.
Figure 52	Screenshot. Tool for Operations Benefit-Cost Analysis Start Page – Estimate Life-Cycle Costs Function.
Figure 53	Screenshot. Tool for Operations Benefit-Cost Analysis Cost Table Edited for Maintenance Decision Support System Cost Inputs.
Figure 54	Screenshot. Bottom of Road Weather Management Benefit Spreadsheet.
Figure 55	Screenshot. TOPS-BC Navigation Column for Estimating Benefits – My Deployments.
Figure 56	Diagram. Advanced Regional Traffic Interactive Management and Information System Program Expansion Plans.
Figure 57	Screenshot. Washington State DOT Benefit-Cost Worksheet for Collision Reduction.

List of Tables

Table 1	Benefit and Cost Categories and Elements.
Table 2	New Jersey Department of Transportation Comparison of Savings for the Assumed Reduction in Duration of Each Incident.
Table 3	Summary of Existing Benefit-Cost Analysis Tools and Methods for Transportation Systems Management and Operations Projects.
Table 4	Crash Rates per Million Vehicle Miles Traveled.
Table 5	Volume to Capacity Ratio-Sensitive Crash Rates per Million Vehicle Miles Traveled.
Table 6	Default Impact Assumptions Currently in the Tool for Operations Benefit-Cost Analysis.
Table 7	Case Study List.
Table 8	Denver Regional Council of Governments 0 Annual Benefits Summary of Projects.
Table 9	Input Variables & User Supplied Cost Data for Preset Traffic Signal Coordination.
Table 10	Benefit Cost Summary.
Table 11	Travel Time Study Results: Measure of Effectiveness Benefit (Percentage Change).
Table 12	Cost to Implement the Adaptive Signal Control Systems.
Table 13	Benefit and Cost Categories.
Table 14	Benefits of Implementing the Adaptive Signal Control Systems.
Table 15	Summary of the Results of the Benefit-Cost Analysis.
Table 16	Benefit and Cost Categories for Adaptive Traffic Signal Control.
Table 17	Summary of the Results of the Benefit-Cost Analysis for Adaptive Traffic Signal Control.
Table 18	Benefit Summary.
Table 19	Calculation of Cost per Accident Avoided by Roundabout Program in Maryland.
Table 20	Benefit-Cost Ratio for Roundabout Program in Maryland.
Table 21	Okeechobee Boulevard Volume Counts.
Table 22	Benefits and Costs for the Palm Beach Living Laboratory Case Study.
Table 23	Input Variables and User-Supplied Data for Ramp Metering Example.
Table 24	Benefit-Cost Analysis Summary for a Hypothetical Centrally Controlled Ramp Metering Deployment.
Table 25	Benefit-Cost Summary (Statewide) for the Florida DOT Road Ranger Program.
Table 26	Minor Incident Costs With and Without Metropolitan Area Transportation Operations Coordination Program Involvement.
Table 27	Major Incident Costs With and Without Metropolitan Area Transportation Operations Coordination Program Involvement.
Table 28	Benefit-Cost Summary for the Metropolitan Area Transportation Operations Coordination Program.
Table 29	Benefit-Cost Summary for the Regional Traffic Management Center in Ft. Lauderdale.
Table 30	Benefit-Cost Summary for the Coordinated Highways Action Response Team.
Table 31	Benefit Categories for Traffic Incident Management.
Table 32	Benefit-Cost Summary for the Georgia NaviGator Traffic Incident Management System.
Table 33	Minnesota Urban Partnership Agreement Projects Included in the Benefit-Cost Analysis.
Table 34	Minnesota Urban Partnership Agreement Project Costs included in the Benefit-Cost Analysis.
Table 35	Travel Time Savings on I-35W South (minutes).
Table 36	Travel Time Savings for Transit Riders from the MARQ2 Lanes.
Table 37	Unit Costs for Police-Reported Injury Scale (KABCO) (2008 $).
Table 38	Department of Public Safety Crash Data for I-35W South.
Table 39	Gasoline Prices.
Table 40	Volume of Reduced Emissions.
Table 41	Values of Reduced Emissions (in 007 $).
Table 42	Benefit-Cost Summary for the Minnesota I-35W Urban Partnership Agreement.
Table 43	Minnesota Urban Partnership Agreement Benefit-Cost Analysis Results.
Table 44	Benefits and Costs for the I-95 Express Lanes Case Study.
Table 45	Goals, Objectives, and Measures of Effectiveness.
Table 46	Labor and Equipment Cost Savings for Automated Wind Warning Systems.
Table 47	Average Delay Costs per Road Closure (South Coast System).
Table 48	Benefit Cost Calculations for Automated Wind Warning Systems.
Table 49	Equipment List of Major Components.
Table 50	Benefit and Cost Categories Expected from Maintenance Decision Support System Deployment.
Table 51	Benefit-Cost Summary for the South Dakota Study.
Table 52	Benefit-Cost Summary from the Tool for Operations Benefit-Cost Analysis "My Deployments" Sheet.
Table 53	Benefit-Cost Analysis of Automated License Plate Recognition System Investment.
Table 54	Comparison of Advanced Regional Traffic Interactive Management and Information System Operational Projects with a Traditional Roadway Widening Project.