Quick Response Freight Manual II

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Tianjia Tang, PE, the FHWA Project Manager, for his continued support and guidance during this project. We also would like to thank Erick Pihl, Lorrie Lau, Spencer Stevens, Bernadette Dupont, and Sarah Sun of FHWA, as well as Richard Nordahl, California Department of Transportation; Ted Dahlberg, Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission; Vidya Mysore, Florida Department of Transportation; Lynn Soporowski,Kentucky Transportation Cabinet; Steve Slavick and Andy Mohr, Pennsylvania Department of Transportation; and Caroline Marshall, Atlanta Regional Commission for their comments, suggestions, and guidance during this project.

This report is based on work supported by the Federal Highway Administration under contract number DTFH61-06-D-00004.  Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Federal Highway Administration.

Notice

This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the use of the information contained in this document. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation.

The U.S. Government does not endorse products of manufacturers. Trademarks or manufacturers’ names appear in this report only because they are considered essential to the objective of the document.

Quality Assurance Statement

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) provides high-quality information to serve Government, industry, and the public in a manner that promotes public understanding. Standards and policies are used to ensure and maximize the quality, objectivity, utility, and integrity of its information. FHWA periodically reviews quality issues and adjusts its programs and processes to ensure continuous quality improvement.

Technical Report Documentation Page

1. Report No. FHWA-HOP-08-010 (EDL 14396)	2. Government Accession No.			3. Recipient’s Catalog No.
4. Title and Subtitle Quick Response Freight Manual II				5. Report Date September 2007
				6. Performing Organization Code
7. Author(s) Daniel Beagan, Michael Fischer, Arun Kuppam				8. Performing Organization Report No.
9. Performing Organization Name and Address Cambridge Systematics, Inc. 100 Cambridge Park Drive, Suite 400 Cambridge, MA 02140				10. Work Unit No.
				11. Contract or Grant No. DTFH61-06-D-00004
12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Federal Highway Administration Office of Freight Management and Operations 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE Washington, DC 20590				13. Type of Report and Period Covered Final Report May 2006 to September 2007
				14. Sponsoring Agency Code
15. Supplementary Notes FHWA COTR: Tianjia Tang, Office of Freight Management and Operations
16. Abstract This manual is an update to the Quick Response Freight Manual developed for FHWA in 1996.  Like its predecessor, it is designed to provide background information on the freight transportation system and factors affecting freight demand to planners who may be relatively new to this area; to help planners locate available data and freight-related forecasts compiled by others, and to apply this information in developing forecasts for specific facilities; to provide simple techniques and transferable parameters that can be used to develop freight vehicle trip tables.
17. Key Words freight, transportation, forecasting, modeling			18. Distribution Statement No restrictions. This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161.
19. Security Classif. (of this report) Unclassified		20. Security Classif. (of this page) Unclassified			21. No of Pages 295	22. Price

Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72)                       Reproduction of completed pages authorized

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Metric Conversion Factors
(International System of Units)

APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS TO SI UNITS
SYMBOL	WHEN YOU KNOW	MULTIPLY BY	TO FIND	SYMBOL
LENGTH
in	inches	25.4	millimeters	mm
ft	feet	0.305	meters	m
yd	yards	0.914	meters	m
mi	miles	1.61	kilometers	km
AREA
in2	square inches	645.2	square millimeters	mm2
ft2	square feet	0.093	square meters	m2
yd2	square yard	0.836	square meters	m2
ac	acres	0.405	hectares	ha
mi2	square miles	2.59	square kilometers	km2
VOLUME
fl oz	fluid ounces	29.57	milliliters	mL
gal	gallons	3.785	liters	L
ft3	cubic feet	0.028	cubic meters	m3
yd3	cubic yards	0.765	cubic meters	m3
NOTE: volumes greater than 1000 L shall be shown in m3
MASS
oz	ounces	28.35	grams	g
lb	pounds	0.454	kilograms	kg
T	short tons (2000 lb)	0.907	megagrams (or "metric ton")	Mg (or "t")
TEMPERATURE (exact degrees)
oF	Fahrenheit	5 (F-32)/9 or (F-32)/1.8	Celsius	oC
ILLUMINATION
fc	foot-candles	10.76	lux	lx
fl	foot-Lamberts	3.426	candela/m2	cd/m2
FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS
lbf	poundforce	4.45	newtons	N
lbf/in2	poundforce per square inch	6.89	kilopascals	kPa

 

APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS FROM SI UNITS
SYMBOL	WHEN YOU KNOW	MULTIPLY BY	TO FIND	SYMBOL
LENGTH
mm	millimeters	0.039	inches	in
m	meters	3.28	feet	ft
m	meters	1.09	yards	yd
km	kilometers	0.621	miles	mi
AREA
mm2	square millimeters	0.0016	square inches	in2
m2	square meters	10.764	square feet	ft2
m2	square meters	1.195	square yards	yd2
ha	hectares	2.47	acres	ac
km2	square kilometers	0.386	square miles	mi2
VOLUME
mL	milliliters	0.034	fluid ounces	fl oz
L	liters	0.264	gallons	gal
m3	cubic meters	35.314	cubic feet	ft3
m3	cubic meters	1.307	cubic yards	yd3
MASS
g	grams	0.035	ounces	oz
kg	kilograms	2.202	pounds	lb
Mg (or "t")	megagrams (or "metric ton")	1.103	short tons (2000 lb)	T
TEMPERATURE (exact degrees)
oC	Celsius	1.8C+32	Fahrenheit	oF
ILLUMINATION
lx	lux	0.0929	foot-candles	fc
cd/m2	candela/m2	0.2919	foot-Lamberts	fl
FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS
N	newtons	0.225	poundforce	lbf
kPa	kilopascals	0.145	poundforce per square inch	lbf/in2