Freeway Management and Operations Handbook

List of Figures

Figure 1-1.	Vehicle Miles Traveled Versus Lane Mileage
Figure 1-2.	Cartoon Analogy of Freeway Conditions
Figure 1-3.	Typical Plots of Volume vs. Time-of-Day
Figure 1-4.	Freeway Interchange (I81 / I690 in Syracuse, NY)
Figure 1-5.	Toll Plaza
Figure 1-6.	Generalized Relationships Between Speed, Density, and Flow Rate on Freeways
Figure 1-7.	Another View of Congestion
Figure 2-1.	Freeway Management "Tiers" and Activities
Figure 2-2.	Framework for Regional Collaboration & Coordination
Figure 3-1.	Activities That Comprise a Freeway Management & Operations Program
Figure 3-2.	V-Diagram
Figure 3-3.	Configuration Management Process
Figure 3-4.	High Level Architecture Diagram
Figure 4-1.	Estimated Frequency of Congestion, Volumes and Speeds
Figure 4-2.	"Temperature" Diagram of Traffic Flow Conditions
Figure 4-3.	Travel Times (by time of day) for a Specific Route
Figure 4-4.	The Effect of Ramp Meters on Vehicle Volume (per lane) Throughput and Frequency of LOS F Operations
Figure 5-1.	Example of Adding an Auxiliary Lane
Figure 5-2.	Types of Freeway Ramps
Figure 6-1.	Example of Diagrammatic Signing
Figure 6-2.	Interchange Sequence Signs
Figure 6-3.	Exit / Lane Drop Markings
Figure 6-4.	Entrance Ramp Markings
Figure 7-1.	Freeway Management Programs and Their Relationships with the Surface Transportation Program
Figure 7-2.	Ramp Metering Signals
Figure 7-3.	Metered Ramp
Figure 7-4.	Ramp Closure Gate
Figure 7-5.	HOV Ramp
Figure 7-6.	Advance Ramp Control Warning Sign
Figure 7-7.	Brochure Cover
Figure 8-1.	Example of Managed Lanes
Figure 8-2.	Dual-dual Section of New Jersey Turnpike
Figure 8-3.	Accident Data on New Jersey Turnpike
Figure 8-4.	I-5 Truck Bypass, Los Angeles
Figure 8-5.	HOV Restrictions into NYC During Period Following September 11, 2001
Figure 8-6.	Directional Peaks Potentially Mitigated by Reversible Lanes
Figure 8-7.	Schematic of I-15 Reversible Lanes
Figure 8-8.	Shirley Highway (I-395 Northern Virginia) Median Reversible Lanes
Figure 8-9.	Mainline Meter on I-80, Oakland, CA (Westbound Direction)
Figure 8-10.	Variable Speed Limit Sign
Figure 8-11.	SR-91 Express Lanes
Figure 8-12.	Speed Warning Sign
Figure 8-13.	LCS (Germany)
Figure 8-14.	Moveable Barrier Technology
Figure 8-15.	Moveable Barrier Being Repositioned
Figure 8-16.	The E-ZPass Process at a Toll Booth
Figure 8-17.	Combi-Road Driverless Truck Guideway
Figure 9-1.	Examples of Exclusive / Barrier-separated HOV Facility (Reversible)
Figure 9-2.	Examples of Contraflow Lanes
Figure 9-3.	Example of Concurrent Flow Lane
Figure 9-4.	Concept of Excess Capacity
Figure 10-1.	A Framework for Organizing and Sustaining Incident Management Programs
Figure 10-2.	Timeline of Stages in the Traffic Incident Management Process
Figure 11-1.	Special Event Operations Characteristics
Figure 11-2.	Integration of Planned Special Event Management Phases
Figure 11-3.	Planned Special Event Permit Process
Figure 11-4.	Feasibility Study Analysis Steps
Figure 12-1.	Website Showing Evacuation Routes
Figure 12-2.	Contraflow Operational Scenarios
Figure 13-1.	Sources and Uses of Traveler Information
Figure 13-2.	Example of Signs with Fixed Number of Messages
Figure 13-3.	Examples of Light-Emitting Matrix CMS Technologies
Figure 13-4.	Portable CMS in Operation in a Work Zone
Figure 13-5.	Highway Advisory Radio Station Along Freeway
Figure 13-6.	Portable Highway Advisory Radio Station
Figure 13-7.	Highway Advisory Radio Sign
Figure 13-8.	Example of a Basic 511 System
Figure 13-9.	Examples of Traveler Information Websites
Figure 13-10.	Examples of Traveler Information Websites
Figure 13-11.	Example of Traveler Information Websites (CCTV Selection and Viewing)
Figure 14-1.	Transportation Management Center
Figure 14-2.	Example of a TMC Floor Plan
Figure 14-3.	Example Layout of a TMC Computer / Peripheral Room
Figure 14-4.	Examples of TMC Workstations
Figure 14-5.	Examples of User Interface Control Screens
Figure 14-6.	Projection Television Display Wall in a TMC
Figure 14-7.	Video Display Wall in a TMC
Figure 14-8.	Machine and Human Sharing of Functions
Figure 14-9.	Examples of Common LAN Topologies
Figure 14-10.	"V" Diagram
Figure 14-11.	Typical Data Flow Diagram
Figure 14-12.	Configuration Management Process
Figure 15-1.	Inductive Loop Detector System
Figure 15-2.	Inductive Loop Configuration Example
Figure 15-3.	Microwave Radar Operation
Figure 15-4.	Multiple Detection Zone Configuration in a Passive Infrared Sensor
Figure 15-5.	Scanning Infrared Laser Radar Two-Beam Pattern Across a Traffic Lane
Figure 15-6.	Mounting of Ultrasonic Range-Measuring Sensors
Figure 15-7.	Acoustic Array Sensor Mounted Along Roadway
Figure 15-8.	Passive Infrared Combination Sensors
Figure 15-9.	Call Box
Figure 15-10.	CCTV Camera Assembly
Figure 15-11.	Portable CCTV Assembly
Figure 15-12.	Environmental Sensor Station
Figure 15-13.	Surface Sensor
Figure 15-14.	Projected Growth in Freeway Surveillance
Figure 15-15.	Example of Website Showing Current Weather Conditions
Figure 16-1.	Organizational Approaches for Regional Integration
Figure 16-2.	Spectrum of Regional Integration Processes
Figure 16-3.	TRANSCOM Regional Architecture Network
Figure 16-4.	TRANSCOM Regional Architecture Event Tracking Interface
Figure 16-5.	TRANSCOM Regional Architecture Map Viewer Interface
Figure 16-6.	SRTMS Architecture
Figure 16-7.	SRTMS Components